How to Prevent Nuclear Chemical and Biological Threat Essay Example for Free

How to Prevent Nuclear Chemical and Biological Threat EssayIn recent years, tribe from all around the world have already seen the reports about nuclear, chemical and biological accident frequently from the news media, which have been increasingly threatening the excerption of human security. When we are fully aware of the threat of nuclear, chemical and biological accident, we should learn that what target measures should be taken to hold the harm of accidents. With the development of high-tech, motley military weapons have appeared in the world increasingly. But what hidden behind the success is not only the consumption of resources, but also the huge invasion on human itself. So here are some measures as follows. Firstly, the government should propaganda knowledge on nuclear, chemical and biological accidents to the people, such as posters and seminars. Because thither are many people who do not learn about these risks appropriately. Secondly, the immune prevention and drug prevention are two good slipway o prevent the danger. Inoculation of various vaccines in advance can improve the body immunity, reduce or even avoid biological weapons against the modify and greatly reduce the power of biological weapons. Thirdly, people should be well prepared with emotion before these danger especially avoid being panic. unspoiled take Japanese nuclear power plant explosion in 2011 as an example, people were lost their mind at that time, especially it was the unwise carriage for them to buy lots of salt. Finally, when facing nuclear, chemical and biological risks, authority should take the corresponding preparation and strategies, the relevant teaching method departments should strengthen the national defense education of the contemporary students. In addition, when facing the great benefits the high-tech brings us at the same time, we should recognize the unfavorable factors.

Make Way Movie Brats Essay Example for Free

Make Way Movie Brats EssayIn the late 1960s to late 1970s, as the veteran directors retired, a b be-assed generation curt by little in any casek their place. Associated with New Hollywood, these young and diverse directors, often in their late twenties and early thirties, were considered eventisation brats. These sore directors Some of the more famous were Francis Ford Coppola, Stephen Spielberg, and George Lucas wholly of whom had an intense aw beness of fool hi tommyrot, worked with quotations and re begins, and created extremely successful assumes. With an influx of new directors, it seemed fit that they would take over the industry entirely. However, director Robert Altman, born or so cardinal years earlier and being significantly ripened than his movie brats successors, Altman remained essential to the industry. Post mid-1970s, it was less commonplace for efforts to be put toward maintaining Hollywood art cinema. The new directors were focusing on box-office re venue and the production of both action-oriented and youth-oriented, megahit movies with radiant special effects. Two films that demonstrated such qualities were Steven Spielbergs Jaws and George Lucass Star Wars. Altman persisted for efforts to be continued.He, as tumesce as other older directors like Paul Mazusky and Woody Allen, ventured into the American art cinema. Altman had to work at a rapid footprint during the 1970s as he completed more than a dozen films. He also had to compete with the younger generation of Hollywood that was producing huge blockbuster hits. Though kind of than trying to create an action flick, Altman stayed true to his roots and produced films primarily based on the causas emotions rather than plot. Two specialized movies in which Altman emphasized shifts from objective reality and subjectivity of the character argon Images and 3 Women.In 1970, Altman directed M*A*S*H* a film praised for its uses of humor with a topic as heavy as the Korean War a nd for be orgasm one of the highest grossing films of the year. However, Altmans films did non always present to do exceedingly well at the box-office. McCabe and Mrs. Miller and The Long Goodbye created a few years later were generally well received and turn out to be moderate earners. His films That Cold Day in the Park, Brewster McCloud, and Thieves Like Us evidently all became box-office disap dotments, even though the three generally received right-hand(a) reviews from critics.Although Altmans movies atomic number 18 not always top box-office earners, they are still habitually the subject of a lot of critical attention. Such is evident with his film Images where the movie didnt garner a lot of praise for Altman, even though the film might have been considered a peak for other directors. It was released amid the films McCabe and The Long and as mentioned previously, they were moderately successful. They received more acclaim and attention resulting in less appreciation of Images upon its release on-screen and its availability in right aways time.For this reason, the film can be compared to Francis Coppolas The Conversation. Although a great movie, it was only considered to be a minor significance to Coppolas career coming between the crowd pleasers and box-office smash hits The Godfather and The Godfather 2. Images was shot in the wet autumn months of 1971 in Ireland. It premiered at the Cannes ikon Festival the following May. It was in that respect that Susannah York won the apportion for best actress. York credited her role as Cathryn in the film as the role she is most proud of.Although taking home an award, Cannes hearings were primarily confused. Images isnt the fibre of film an audience would feel sympathetic towards. Its roundwhat complicated to follow and comes off as cold. However, its not as nearly as hard to comprehend as the first reviewers of the movie suggested. As film critic Roger Ebert states, The film is a technical success but not quite an emotional one. Because Altman was a hot ticket item in 1971 with M*A*S*H* Columbia Pictures took the distribution rights of the film and entered it in the New York Film Festival.Unfortunately for Images, neither Vincent Canby nor Roger Greenspan ( two dominant film critics for the New York clock) took up the movie to review. It was then left to Howard Thomson, a journalist and film critic for the New York Times nick parentd mishmash for writing brief reviews for films. Thomson made no exception for Images, leaving it only with an imperceptive review. The film never went on to have a traditional moneymaking(prenominal) release in America. fundamentally the film is rough a childrens author and house wife Cathryn (Susannah York) who receives several phone calls on a down(p) dark in her Lon turn in home.The voice on the other end is a female stating that Cathryns husband Hugh (Rene Auberjonois) is having an affair with another woman. Hugh comes home seeing his wif e in grief and tries to comfort her. He vanishes and another man is shown acting as if he was her husband. Frightened at the sight, she screams and backs way, later seeing the figure limiting back into the image of her husband. Hugh feels that her angst is a result of stress and her budding pregnancy. He takes her to vacation at an isolated cottage in an attempt to relieve some stress. As she stays there, Cathryn dives farther into foreboding delusions as the stranger reappears.It becomes difficult for her to distinguish what is happening in reality and whats just going on her head. Images shows a lot of subjectivity through its characters because of the extreme personas of the characters and the situations they are placed in. Cathryn begins hearing sounds and hallucinates everlastingly. She feels guilt sexually after envisioning encounters with two men that are not her husband. One is a sinister Frenchman who asked to be shot by Cathryn to exorcise his ghost. After he apparently falls dead, it is shown that her husbands high-ticket(prenominal) camera is all that was really shot.The other man is more realistic, portraying a neighbor whos infatuated with her and believes Cathryn has rape fantasies and needs strong care. She bares an hooking to him but also feels guilt. She eventually stabs the neighbor with a kitchen knife eventually killing him. The husband Hugh is relatively the only normal character of the film. He never completely comprehends the extent of his wifes mental horror. Truly having his wifes best interests in mind and acting as an ideal husband, Hugh scene relocating her to a more isolated place would relieve her of woes.Hes a typical simple American who is addicted to dumb jokes. What Cathryn actually feels intimately him is only pointed at towards the last 20 minutes of the film where she tries killing off a ghost she incorrectly sees as her other self. Altmans display of his characters and plot comes off as him trying his hand at femin ist tax. For one thing, theres barely any scenes that dont outflank around the main protagonist Cathryn. Her character isnt compelling which somewhat dooms the film from the beginning. The male characters come across as jerks.Altmans goal seemed to hire a point almost the way movies objectify women, turning them into the images, the films title indicates, for the consumption of male viewers. After all, Cathryn is only a little more than something for the men in the film to enjoy. Cameras figure plainly in the films mise-en-scene. Her pointing and shooting a gun (a symbol of male power) is unless another example of Altmans use of gender associations. Although Altmans point is clear, it seems like he went about delivering the message in a cliched way. In terms of objective reality, every image revealed rovides a lot of suspense and anticipation of what effect Altman will provide next.However it is somewhat difficult to discover the reality as it is one of Altmans most abstract fi lms. It is full of so much(prenominal) symbolism and images that it reflects the work of Bergman and Kubrik. These images consist of shimmering water and tinkling ornaments. They are astonishing beautiful images cut often by shocks of Cathryns sensibilities. One daunting scene that does not occur in her head is when she is writing her story and watching ponies, but a dog and frantic sounds break the peacefulness.Altman wrote the film entirely, but the childrens story that accompanies some of the images was composed by Ms. York. This blends art and actuality. The film also has a wonderful use of color that separates the protagonist Cheryl from her ambience in a particularly unique and incomparable way. A few things that this movie can be credited for is its complete originality and uniqueness. Images is a very bizarre Altman film. For a filmmaker who characteristically produces works with large ensembles and layered dialogue, Images feels more bold and almost claustrophobic.One thi ng that makes it so different is that the visual style is more lyrical at some points while jagged at the others. other difference is that the dialog does not overlap. In charge of photography was Vilmos Zsigmond, one of the best cinematographers of the seventies and Altmans favorite cameraman at the time of production. He does an amazing job with his photography by remaining with the womans point of view while never suggesting at what is really going on. Altman added a clever touch to interc coursee the characters names with the actors that portray them.Susannah is played by actress Cathryn Harrison and Cathryn is played by actress Susannah York. Another switch of names is shown in the characters of three actors Hugh played by Rene Auberjonois, Rene played by Marcel Bozzuffi, and Marcel is played by Hugh Millai. Altmans demand of the audiences senses is both nontraditional and expert. The fragmented style applied to the movie will definitely not please all senses to each audience member. However its witty script, brave construction at a twisted inner world, and the eerie atmosphere the film creates is enough to keep ones attention for the films entirety.If thats not enough, there is always the pleasure of watching characters played by phenomenal actors Altman is so famous for providing. American film critic and film/animation historian Leonard Maltin set forth the film best in stating the film was difficult but fascinating and that it comes off as off-putting at first, but worth the effort to hang on. It is a definite must see for Altman admirers who want to see him in a new style. Altman doesnt worry about the defenses needed for his film, but rather simply creates a spiritual and poetic vision letting logic and caution fall in the depths of the films beauty.Whether or not Altman produced a commercial success, didnt change the pace at which he put forth films. Five years after Images was produced, Altman came out with the film 3 Women. The idea for the f ilm came to Altman in a dream. It was because of Allens success with filmmaking 20th Century Fox approved the movie before he had a definite script. Although it was original intention to film without a script, he eventually had one made before filming. This script was more like a blueprint, which he regularly did with previous films.The film centers around two women whose characters are in keen contrast with one another among their first encounters. The third woman the title hints at is a minor character but has a key supporting role, although not first recognized to the audience but gradually can be understood. Essentially the movie tells a story of three women whose characters change and merge, until finally, in the perplexing ending scene, switch roles. 3 Women, although praised for its uniqueness, was not very popular at the time. American audiences may not have even recognized its release at the time. Why you might wonder?A little movie directed by George Lucas bearing the name Star Wars was released in the same year. The three women the title hints at are Shelley Duvall, Sissy Spacek, and Janice Rule who live in the same apartment complex in the desert of California. Duvall plays Mildred Millie Lammoreaux, who works as a physical therapist at a senior care center. She comes off as very confident about her charm and her appeal to men, even though the men she goes after openly mock her. pinkie Rose, played by Spacek, is a young, naive, and childlike woman from Texas who too views a job at the senior center.With Millies roommate moving out, she is forced to find a new roommate, after accepting the conditions, Pinky becomes that new roommate. Rule plays the supporting yet vital role of Willie Hart, the pregnant wife of the landlord of the apartment complex. She gives off an incredibly sad aura as she moves with a gloomy silence, keeping isolated from other slew. Willie is a muralist who makes visually appealing yet moderately unsettling murals one in whic h is painted at the bottom of the apartment kitten depicting godlike creatures, absurd men, and women who annoy each other.The opening scene of the film reflects roles of each of the three women that women in general often play. Willie, the pregnant wife, reads a mother. From the mural she is painting in the kitty-cat, one can determine that she seems very sad. Millie reflects a teenager in that she is often very interested in the turnabout sex. She is an odd character in that she obsessively gives recipes to others and tells them how she organizes them by the allotted time, even though no one seems to care. Pinky, when first introduced at the clinic, comes off instantly as immature and naive just like an average child.During lunch, she blows bubbles through a straw into her drink and later plays around in a wheelchair, pretending as if she was a patient. Along with making faces at the workers, she says to Millie, Youre the most perfect person Ive ever met, resembling a young ch ild admiring their cooler older sister. As with Images, this film is also extremely subjective in terms of the characters. Each character has an excessive emphasis on their moods, attitudes, and opinions. Theres no subtly in any of the way the characters act.Millie, as explained in the previous paragraph, is portrayed as an annoying friend who talks excessively. Weve all experienced or know someone who has experienced a friend like this before, but someone having a personality as dramatic as Millie is just unusual. The audience quickly understands how desperate she is to find a man. Tom, a neighbor who works the grill during poolside dinners, is someone Millie fancies a lot but cant get attention from. She even tells Pinky that he has asked her out on dates but shes always been too busy to accept clearly an act of despondency over someone she cares fantasizes about so deeply.During her lunch break she eats and sits with the doctors, consisting of only men, rather than her co-worker s even though its more expensive. Her efforts are null in that they still dont really acknowledge her. Her last hangout spot to socialize with men is a local bar/ cheer area, owned by Edgar and bartended by his wife Willie. The boys too preoccupied with shooting at a gun range and riding bikes outback, provides yet another restraint for Millie to find someone. Pinky too reflects the extreme of a personality behaving as some would call childlike.She is a withdrawn woman trying to begin a new life in California, refusing to go into specifics of her past life. The way she looks up to Millie after knowing her for less than a day is extremely odd. Most people emulate people, especially when they are the new one in town as Pinky was, when they are popular or are known for doing something good. They specify by acting similar to that person, they will share that same sense of praise and popularity. Whats strange about Pinkys situation is that Millie isnt your ideal role model and is the complete opposite of a popular girl.Millie is more of the nerd thats oblivious to what other people truly recall about her. It brings to the question, why would anyone want to duplicate Millie? Also, what made Pinky not want to keep her past life hidden? Altman was very creative in creating Willies character. Although Willie doesnt have many lines in the film, shown mostly with her paintings instead of with people, her supporting role is necessary for the flow of the movie. With a macho husband possessing such an extravagant personality, it wouldnt be hard to miss her character entirely.Although withdrawn from social interaction, it is made evident that she is still caring. After Pinky attempted to endow suicide by jumping into the apartment pool, Willie didnt hesitate to jump in and save her. Also in the final scene, even though Willie and Pinky were both messing around with her husband, she still decided to take them in and let them work at the bar with her after the accidental death of her husband. The three women make a complete 360 from polar opposites, into a family.The objective reality of the film is evident through its use of the visual representation found in the mirrors and the water. Mirrors and reflections represent the way Millie views herself. Through the mirrors, we begin to understand Millies obsession with looking good, something she is proud of accomplishing. Millie is always beautifying herself by making small changes to her clothes, touching her hair constantly to make sure her curls are intact, and perfecting her makeup. She looks at her reflection, apparently adoring what she says looking back at her, even though no one can figuratively see her.The mirror and the reflections represent Millies invisibility to other people in that when you look in the mirror, you are the only one to take nib of whats reflecting back. Water is also extremely prevalent in the films entirety. Each of the three female protagonists of the film is associated with water in one way or another. The opening shot of pregnant Willie painting a mural and water being immersed as a backdrop is said by Altman to represent the amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus, (Ebert).The seceding scene shows Millie and her coworkers helping old people slowly descend into a pool- going to the water as their lives initially started. The wavy line shown on the screen is thought to represent an umbilical cord connecting the person to its life line. Also located in the pool is the crucial turning point in which Pinky jumps into the pool from the balcony, to be later saved by Willie. The movie does feature men however they are of far less significance to the main protagonists. Edgar, played by Robert Fortier, is the husband of Willie.What someone might call a manly man, Edgar showcases himself with motorcycles, beer, and guns. He is very much a drunk who tries to portray himself as a benevolent western gunslinger and fails to acknowledge his wife properly. The other men, often seen lounging around the apartments pool, are objects of Millies captivation. She always comes off in preparation for dates or dinner plans with these gentleman, even though they never actually happen and they fail to watching her. It is understood fairly quickly that Millie is a lonely soul.The men are used only to further emphasize the personality of the female characters they come in contact with. It is obvious that this film was primarily focused on the significance of the character rather than creating an high-suspense adventure like Stephen Spielberg did with his film Jaws created a mere two years previously. Each actress perfectly resembles their characters through their looks and acting capabilities. Rule depicts Willie with no apparent expression on the face and a sad look in her eyes. Spaceks light hair and eyes that stare in adoration fit a character named Pinky.Duvall especially contributed a lot to the creation of the film. She was responsible for creating the recipes, the diary entries, and a great deal of the dialogue her character Millie had. Her big brown round eyes resemble a deer in headlights as she is oblivious to the feelings others have towards her. Its no wonder why she took home the Cannes Film Festival and Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards best actress award. Though the actors fit the characters well and portrayed each scene wonderfully, some things are left unanswered for the audience. Although Pinky is a main character, not a lot is understood about her past.Upon completion of the film, it is still left a mystery why she left Texas and whether or not she was actually from there. When Millie asked for specifics on what part of Texas she was from, Pinky accused her of boastful her the third degree and avoided the question. Also, when Pinky saw her parents in the hospital she claimed that she had never seen them before, screaming for them to get out. This was a very peculiar scene since the old bring together claim to be Pinkys parents, but look far too old to actually be them. Whether they are frauds, grandparents, or her adoptive parents, is never actually presented.Another mystery Altman added to make the movie come off as a dream, where not everything makes sense and only certain details are vivid. For its use of water coming in and out of scenes with the primary characters, even though water is not actually present, and the mysteries that leave the audience questioning scenes, 3 Women possesses a dream-like quality. The idea of the film, the story, the cast, and everything included, was said by Altman to come to him in a dream, so he wanted to express it as such. The message and the overall point of the film are left open to interpretation for the audience.Altman himself says he is not drively sure what the ending means but has a theory on what it signifies and what actually occurred. He wanted to create a film filled with emotion and allusion rather than surface realities caught w ith the cameras allegedly objective eye, (Sterritt). Essentially this movie is not a narrative in any way but reflects the three stages of a womans life. The three women merge into a single person, who is mother, daughter, and granddaughter, isolated but serenely self-sufficient (Canby). The film is about age and youth and the overall quality of American life.Trying to decipher the exact meaning of the movie is pointless in that no one could be definite for sure. 3 Women is a film concentrated more on mystery, mood, and port than the use of plot devices. In both Images and 3 Women, it is evident that Altman avoided an attempt to make a flashy movie in order to compete at the same level as his younger comrades in the business. Images depicted a fairytale and 3 Women, a dream both very unconventional types of films. He was far too interested in the preservation of Hollywood art to care about garnering publicity.These were films that had emphasis on ambiguous between objective reality , and character subjectivity, decorated with abstract, enigmatic compositions. Both were films in which Altman was involved both with the writing and directing process, enabling him to project on screen what he himself envisioned as the direction of the movie. Also, these films examined madness in its female characters. It is no coincidence that these specific films both won a best actress award at Cannes. Although Altmans movies dont always do extremely well at the box office, they are perpetually the subject of a lot of analytical attention.

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making look in Pakistan issueFor example, the classical schools of marketing estimate relied on the social sciences such as economics, sociology and anthropology and focused on aggregate market behavior. This gave way to the managerial schools of marketing thought in which the focus of attention and understanding shifted to the individual customers while social sciences disciplines continued to dominate marketing thinking. Customer behavior is actually a admit of consumer buying behavior. Consumer buying behavior tells about why, how, when and where a consumer wants to purchase a product. It tells about the buyer decision making process. (Janssens, 2006) It clean ups the uniqueness of a single consumer, how he makes decision to satisfy his wants. What references he may use in this process, such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. (Archana, 2009) Patrick De Pelsmacker conseders that consumers have to impose products in consider to Psychological behavior and needs which further alienated in Perception, Learning, Attitude, Personality, and Lifestyle. (Patrick J. 2007) Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city pull up stakes be canvass by using questionnaire method. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class, Reference groups and Culture of consumers. (Brinkmann, 2004) This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in sell brands that have a govern impact on their purchase decisions. (Constantine, E, Rigopoulou)Consumer behavior is an integral part of our daily lives. The psychological and social processes involved in buying and consuming goods and services contrive the subject matter of this text. The objective positivist approach to studying cause and effect in consumer behavior (as in any othe r kind of behavior), will be combined with the interpretive emphasis on trying to understand the emotional, non-rational aspects of the process. The environment which the consumer operates in, including the nature of the market place for goods and services, also needs to be considered.Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class. This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their purchase decisions. Data should be collected from the target market and then will be analyzed through SPSS software.

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay

feeding Mothers And Wo make up forces Equality At Work Social Work EssayDue to changing trends in the world, many wo manpower continue to enter the workforce day and night performing almost similar duties like men. move by a number of factors ranging from social to economic environment surrounding the move has eer sparked debates not wholly among men but also in women who argue against the idea. The debate revolves around functional versus those women who stay at home and take handle of their families especially children. These concerns explore existence of any effects of functional mothers to their children in terms of pedantic functioning in schools and their emotional development which solidly depends on what happens at childhood. Another concern is the possibility of high punctuate levels faced by working mothers on a daily basis comp atomic number 18d to their counterparts at home. This research analysis utilized senseings from experts and surveys aimed at unravelin g the truth about working mothers.IntroductionWho are working mothers? This is a label name which refers to women who give up career jobs and responsibilities apart from taking care of their children and husband at home. The number of this figure of women has continued to increase not only in the neither United States, nor Europe but all over the world. Even as immense reproach continues to surround the idea of working women, it is of paramount need to focus on some of the factors which contribute to this phenomenon. It is clear that the world is always at a ceaseless(prenominal) change process in terms of social believes, practices and also economic transformation. Many women have opted to join the work a way of enhancing equality with men who believe that women are supposed to be stationed at home and carry out domestic duties (Randall, 2003). The question that ponders the mind of many is whether the notion of working mothers is the only focal point in addressing the issue of gender equality in the society. Is there a better approach? Definitely there are coarse realistic and workable ways of establishing a society that recognizes men and women as equal bes.Although viewed negatively by some people, many women believe that by connection the work force, there would be signifi poopt ease and improvement in meeting the family needs. Sharing of family responsibilities amongst men and women is by far a in truth important idea. With increasing global economic hitches, there is every need for every family in the world to establish ways of making ends meet without perfect straining. As a result, working mothers believe that this is the only way of lessening family crisis which whitethorn arise from unsatisfied needs and unmet expenses which can be shared between a husband and wife. This sounds human and acceptable but it has lacked taste in a number of men in the world and other women who still uphold for stay home mothers in the 21st century.It is clear t hat the question of whether women need to be incorporated in the workforce like men still causes controversy. With ripening working opportunities for both men and women, it is very normal for girls to go to school, join colleges and universities and secure jobs just like their male counterparts. This is quite commendable. However, the basis of this argument rests on the opportunity cost incurred when women join the workforce. It is believed that working women make inefficient mothers. Although this varies from one soulfulness to the other, sociologists argue that there is usually little or no clock date left for children brought up by working mothers. Additionally, working women bear a lot of straining compared to non working mothers who spent their entire time with their families (Harper Ric strainings, 1986). This is attributed to overwhelming demands which whitethorn arise from work stations and homes. Balancing of time between the two masters, job and family remains a meg a challenge among working women in the world.Statement of taskAccording to this research, very little has been done with regard to the effect of working mothers on their childrens emotional development and academic behavior. As a result, the research explores the commonplace electrical shock of working mothers on their children compared to non working women.Research questionsWhat is the negative impact of a working mother on a childs academics and emotions?What is the positive impact of a working mother on the life of her child?What is the impact of non working mothers on their childrens life?Literature reviewWorking mothers has received massive insurance coverage from both individuals and groups of people aimed at unraveling the truth which surround this debate topic. However, many people reckon that the idea is quite open with a wide avow of views which may vary from person to person. One of search people who have invested time in sociological research is Elizabeth Perle McK enna. In her 1998 research, McKenna analyses the relationship between work and family as experienced by working women around the globe. She exhaustibly dwells on the issue of work and identity and the dissatisfaction which arises when work does not give intended satisfaction. She argues that many women find themselves ignoring pivotal areas of their lives by devoting their time and concentration to work (McKenna, 1998). This devotion is usually aimed at attaining certain traditional symbols of success like money, challenging jobs and power.As viewed by McKenna, women entered the workforce massively under terms that were designed by men. They were eager and full of passion of leaving the old fashion of staying at home. They did this like immigrants abandoning their innate habitat and adapting to the workforce designed for and by men to suit their lifestyle and genius. Unfortunately, most if not all working systems have been designed to define men based on what they do and not who t hey are (McKenna, 1998). This system calls for long working hours in order to gain recognition and reward. This is still the case today even though almost sixty percent of women in the United States belong to the working class. In other words, the workforce does not recognize the nature of women with regard to the diverse responsibilities they have at home. It assumes the fact that women belong at home. McKenna writes this book from a personal experience and recalls moments in her life when she found it hard to relief work with growing family needs until she had to quit her job after having changed career severally.McKenna admits that women who are unable to quit working find it hard to balance between work and family responsibilities. She poses that although many women want attain success as traditionally defined, it is almost impossible excel career-wise and thrill as a correct mother, caregiver and a good wife. She notes that the pursuit of such identity breeds nothing but dep ression, stress and finally burnout.Research findingsThis research found out that working mothers have a wide range of impact on their families with special emphasis on their children. Non working mothers have all the time to take care of their families and provide necessary care and love to their young ones. Children born of working mothers experience difficulties during their early stages of development. As young beings, children need enough time from their caregivers who are non other their mothers. In the absence of this care emotional impact is felt which may affect up to the academic capabilities of such children. Working mothers also experience emanating from challenges of time balancing (Peters 1968). On the other hand, working men feel independent and provide families needs including among others, childrens quality food. Both working and non working children may significantly influence the development process of children.DiscussionThe number of working mothers has continued to rise from about 30% in 1970s to approximately 50% in early 21st century. This has significantly affected the life of many children. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999). Children from families with working mothers have emotional depressions with measurable difficulties in their academic life. on that point is also continuing research on the effect of mothers working stress on children. Even as this research continues, the fact is that a child is always hyper sensitive to the emotional status of the mother before and even after birth.Do children born of working mothers receive sufficient attention and care? When mothers exit almost full of their day time at work, many children less effective especially at school. Since most working mothers maximize their working time when children are in their pre-school, these children show wanting and unappealing results (Cavel, 2001). These children feel some form of emptiness which ends up affecting their class concentration and general p erformance compared to children whose mothers are not working. It is also important to affirm that a childs early stages are very important in shaping his character and personality. Children who spend less time with their mothers as a result of work commitments are likely to experience hardships in language development which goes further to affect a childs academic progress. This is because learning in class mainly depends on communication propagated by language proficiency (Associated Press, 1999).Working mothers also experience a lot of stress which arise from the inability to balance between work and family needs. These two responsibilities appear to be like two jobs which are being handled by one person at the same time. As a result, these mothers are ever in a hurry to catch up with time and attend to unfinished duties at home and at work place. These mothers end up meeting the needs of the family with very few men willing to share the responsibility (Gershaw, 1988). In the ac companiment that a child falls sick, mothers find it difficult to fully attend to the child at the expense of her sleeping job. They also feel stressed over their own lives. Many working women are not willing to give birth. In other words, working continues to rob women off their mothering ability.Although working mothers have significant negative impact on their children, these mothers also have all the reasons to smile and the need for them to receive recognition. There are positive impacts generated by these mothers with the baseline of it being provision of basic needs, especially food. Many children brought up by working mothers live in considerably good standards compared to those of non working mothers. Working mothers usually have a wide domain of choices in terms of dietary. This ensures good childcare and healthy upbringing (Booth, 2000).A working mother is also a challenge to her children (Figes, 2001). As the immediate role model, mothers play a mega role in shaping the character of her children. Children admire good character and adorable achievements realized by those people who surround them. Therefore working mothers challenge their children to work hard and experience better achievements compared to what may she has.ConclusionIn general, working mothers negatively impact their children. This is mainly witnessed in areas of emotional development and academic performance. This is mainly due to the inability to balance between family responsibilities and demands of the job. Stress is also common among working mothers a trend that is significantly low among non working mothers. It should be noted that working is highly encouraged among family members. However, mothers should devote most of their time to taking care of their children. They can take up less demanding jobs especially at tender ages of their children.

Multicultural Counseling Conceptualization

Multicultural Counseling ConceptualizationIlka I. BryantInter-group characteristicsThe term African American is used to refer to Americans descendants of the African tribes mainly from the sub-Sahara who came to America as slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries. As it is coarse with all unique cultural groups there are bound to be assorted core values, attitudes and thoughts plane within the same group. Despite this, there are attitudes, beliefs and values that are genuinely common and which bind the group or in this case the African Americans together. Some of these include they redeem very strong kinship bonds, they strongly believe on the importance of strong religious ties or orientation, recognition of the importance of women and family in general is widespread. Children and how they are reared is viewed as the responsibility of every member of the community (Norment, 2005). The respect for the elderly is highly boost and practiced.Because of the historical injustices comm itted on the African American they have developed a sense of distrust of the government activity. They feel that the government neglected them and that it does non care. This has direct many of them to become deeply religious, fatalistic and separates have developed deviant behaviors. Most African Americans who have chosen the path of religion identify with the Protestant movement and particularly the Baptist denomination.On the aspect of group self-perceptions and issues related to stereotyping the African Americans have always felt discriminated upon because of their skin color (Norment, 2005). This feeling has not been helped by the various cases of injustices committed upon them from the first time they came to America as slaves, down the revolution times, during the times of the Black Power movements up to now.To the majority of African Americans the government neglected them a long time ago and this has had negative impacts on their socio-economic life. They argue that th e governments neglect has been the main cause of poverty among them (Norment, 2005). That they had very little opportunity for success because many of them did not go to school and therefore their chances of success both in the U.S and internationally was and is diminished. Some of them cite the slack up government intervention during the hurricane Katrina as an example of how the government has neglected them.Intra-group characteristicsAs noted in the opening statement, the African Americans share may common beliefs, practices and attitudes. scarcely like any other cultural group they also have several differences. These differences might be due to the geographical location, the level of education and even the economic class. Most of the elite African Americans for example do not have that strong attachment to religion that is common with other African Americans. Those African Americans who are doing very soundly economically are not likely to be bound by the beliefs, attitudes and practices that bind those below them economically. For instance, the kinship ties among the wealthy African Americans are not as pronounced as compared to the poor African Americans in the ghettos. Another major difference is between those African Americans from the South states such as Alabama which had a history of treating African American badly because of their skin color. The behavior and beliefs of the African Americans descended from these regions is very different from those who or their parents were raised in much liberal states such as New York which from the times of Abraham Lincoln was more lenient and tolerant.Different members of the African American group have different group self-perceptions mainly because of the different upbringing, education level, religious beliefs, and the economic status. To those who are endowed materially, they have very little time for groups but those African American who are economically disadvantaged identify very much with groups.Th ere are three theoretical approaches to counseling that are very important especially when dealing with this kind of cultural group namely the psychodynamic approach, the humanistic-existential approach and the cognitive-behavioral approach. In the psychodynamic approach, the focus is on how the individual internal world is organized (Anderson, 1985). It looks at the person childhood experiences, relationships and how the person deals with self esteem issues. This is very important to visualise when it comes to the African American group because some of them react differently especially in situations where they are the n minority or when abused because of their skin color. The counselling needs to work on the self esteem issues of this group more deeply than other groups.The humanistic-existential approach deals mostly with the person view of the world coupled with his experiences. It majors on the current life and state of affairs. The cognitive-behavior approach on the other ha nd looks at the persons behavior and beliefs. The kind of belief one has a direct impact on his or her behavior, for instance, negative belief is known to lead or result to maladaptive behaviors.Psychodynamic approach tries to get the person to bring to the surface their true feelings in order to experience them and understand them. This approach assumes that everybody has a subconscious mind and that feelings held in the unconscious mind, and that feelings held in the unconscious mind are often too painful to be approach (Anderson, 1985). People come up with defenses to protect this painful feeling. The therapist them seeks to make the person to keep in touch with their own reality, makes them aware of the feelings they are not aware of and makes them tolerate the painful feeling they are experiencing.Since the African-Americans distrust the government, the counselor will try to make them aware that the problems they are facing are not caused by the government in power. The Africa n-Americans will be resistant to law and thus they will engage in il level-headed activities such as abusing drugs. The counselor should therefore try to convince them that they need to change their attitudes towards the government and abide by law.The counselors will need to pay attention to the rights of the African Americans and should not in any way get involved in any form discrimination. The counselors will need to treat them fairly regardless of their personal feelings that they may have against them. They should not stereotype on them and hence this will ensure that there is no biasness during the counseling period (Avashi Grover, 2008). The counselors should also know the culture of the African Americans well before commencing with the counseling. This will enable him know the particular attitudes and values of the group and therefore distract prejudice while counseling them.Another ethical and legal aspect that the counselors should have is competency. The counselors sho uld have knowledge about the particular group they are dealing with (Avashi Grover, 2008). The competency should enable him come up with the best decisions in treating the clients and also estimate costs and consequences of choosing the best method of treating the African American client. The counselors should keep the information acquired from the client as confidential so as to avoid conflicts with the clientsDeveloping multicultural sensitivity awareness is an ongoing process. As counselors, it is important to view all clients as one individual, and comprehend that their beliefs, experiences, language and values involve the way they interact with others in a community. Also, we need to be aware that there are always differences within cultures. It is inappropriate to assume that a common culture is accepted by all members of a linguistic, racial or religious group.ReferencesAnderson, W. (1985). Journal of Counseling and development. Psychotherapy Counseling , 588589.Avashi, A. , Grover, S. (2008). Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling and Development , 148-163.Norment, N. (2005). Readings in African American Language Aspects, Features, and Perspectives. Bern Peter Lang.

Essay on Fame in Djerassi’s Cantors Dilemma -- Cantors Dilemma Essay

Dreams of Fame in Djerassis Cantors plight Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve almost the scientific method, or at least they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a hypothesis from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a cultivation that best explained the data collected. Yet today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that scientists, or the treasure hunters of that field, are no longer elicit in permanent solutions, achieved through proper use of the scientific method, and rather are more interested in solutions that guarantee fame and fortune. Fame and fortune as a motive for scientific discovery is a popular theme in fictional writing, especially in Cantors Dilemma by Carl Djerassi. Cantors Dilemma is a novel of the struggles of two scientists through life and a Nobel Prize campaign. As one digs deeper int o the context of the novel, one finds it similar to that of a political race, a fight for glory. For compositors case, the Cantor-Stafford experiment, the first tumorigenesis experiment tested in the novel, was not validated before its findings were published. This example fails to meet the standards of the scientific method because a conclusion was reached before experimentation was fully executed. Surely any true scientist would know such conclusions to be mismated and not Nobel worthy. Yet, Cantor and Stafford, both, won a Nobel Prize for their work. Kurt Krauss in Cantors Dilemma, an opportunistic scientist, is the extreme of scientific deviance. As a fellow scientist and a competitor, Krauss is charged with the job of ch... ...o not believe my experience has changed the ways of the scientist at that company. Both in fiction and in real life a certain breed of scientists has determined to ignore the scientific method and chase dreams of fame. With that fame, they hope to dig deep into our pockets and reap the benefits of their poor workmanship. It is most evident from the examples given that these scientists, who have seemingly reversed scientific evolution, no longer care for true science and the scientific method, but rather are interested in personal glory. 1 Carl Djerassi, Cantors Dilemma (New York, New York Penguin Books, 1991), pg. 113. 2 Djerassi, Cantors Dilemma, pg. 113. 3 Abbott laboratories, medical news, (http//www.plsgroup.com/dg/72da.htm), 525 p.m. 9/23/97 4 Cold Fusion Times, (Wellesey Hills, MA http//world.std.com), 715 p.m. 9/23/97

Symbols and Symbolism in Lord of the Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

Symbolism in Lord of the Flies   In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the boys who are stranded on the island come in contact with many unique elements that symbolize ideas or concepts. Through the use of symbols such as the beast, the pigs head, and even Piggys specs, Golding demonstrates that humans, when liberated from societys rules and taboos, allow their natural capacity for curse to dominate their existence.   One of the most important and most obvious symbols in Lord of the Flies is the object that gives the novel its name, the pigs head. Goldings description of the slaughtered animals head on a spear is very graphic and even frightening. The pigs head is depicted as dim-eyed, grinning faintly, blood blackening between the teeth, and the obscene thing is covered with a black blob of flies that tickled under his nostrils (William Golding, Lord of the Flies, New York, Putnam Publishing Group, 1954, p. 137, 138). As a result of this detailed, striking image, the read er becomes aware of the great savage and darkness represented by the Lord of the Flies, and when Simon begins to converse with the seemingly inanimate, d abhorrence-like object, the source of that wickedness is revealed. Even though the conversation may be entirely a hallucination, Simon learns that the beast, which has long since frightened the other boys on the island, is not an external force. In fact, the head of the slain pig tells him, Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and bug out Ö You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? (p. 143). That is to say, the evil, epitomized by the pigs head, that is causing the boys island society to decline is that which is inherently present within man. At the end of this scene, the immense evil represented by this brawny symbol can once again be seen as Simon faints after looking into the wide mouth of the pig and seeing black within, a blackness that spread (p. 144).   Another of the most important symbols used to p resent the theme of the novel is the beast. In the imaginations of many of the boys, the beast is a tangible source of evil on the island. However, in reality, it represents the evil naturally present within everyvirtuoso, which is causing life on the island to deteriorate. Simon begins to realize this even before his encounter with the Lord of the Flies, and during one argument over the existence of a beast, he attempts to share his insight with the others.