Field Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Field - Assignment Example His last attempt to close the deal was to tell me that if I signed their contract today, I could be in a new apartment tomorrow. I thanked him and said goodbye. The next salesperson I talked to was another on-site salesperson named Mark. This was at a retail clothing store with a lot of different departments. Compared to Dan, Mark seemed rushed and nervous. I asked him about finding some good chino pants, and he looked and saw that I was already carrying a jacket, and then told me, to my surprise, that I would have to leave the sports jacket with him, and then go upstairs to look at chinos. I told Mark that I was going to take my jacket with me, because I was going to buy it, and that I wanted to do this while looking at chinos. He appeared flustered at this. As he was getting more flustered, I told him that I could leave the sports jacket with him, but that I probably wouldn’t buy it. He seemed OK with this. Then, another salesperson stepped in, and told me where I could take the elevator to the chinos section. I said to Mark, â€Å"That’s all you needed to tell me, right there.† These were two very different experiences. Mark was not effective, and Dan was. Dan was not pushy, and Mark was. Dan did not act nervous or flustered. He was more interested in what I could do, and getting me to say â€Å"yes.† Mark was more interested in what I couldn’t do, and kept saying â€Å"no† to me. I responded very differently to these two salespeople. When I am in contact with a salesperson, I am looking for someone who is relaxed, calm, confident, and

How to Create a Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

How to Create a Marketing Plan Essay When was the last time you dusted off that marketing plan you created for your business? Wait, you do have a marketing plan, right? Well, if your marketing plan somehow found its way to the recycle bin or if you have actually never planned out a marketing strategy for your business then BusinessMarketingBlog is going to help you. Before we jump into the 6 Simple Steps to Developing A Marketing Plan, it is important that you understand the following elements of every successful marketing plan: 1) Spend the time and resources to plot out your marketing strategy and budget 2) Implement your marketing plan 3) Analyze and adjust your marketing plan as needed 4) Refine your marketing plan for the upcoming year, quarter, month, etc. 6 Steps to an Effective Marketing Plan Step 1: Define the Purpose of Your Marketing Efforts Before you can create a successful marketing plan you must have a strong understanding of what the purpose of your marketing plan is. QUESTION: What do I want people to do after they have been exposed to my marketing? Your answer should be something very specific, not something vague like â€Å"I want my marketing to help my business grow.† Here are some common purposes that business owners use to drive their marketing efforts: * Get someone to pick up the phone and call me * Entice someone to email me * Get people to tell others about my marketing / business HINT: The more thought and planning you put into this first step, the higher your conversion rates will be throughout your marketing efforts. Step 2: Determine Your Competitive Advantage and Emphasize It Now that you have pinned down a couple of the purposes for your marketing plan it is time to think about and plan out how you are going to get people to complete these actions. QUESTION: Why will people take the specified actions you have identified? You must determine what your competitive advantage is over your competitors. Sure, you probably have a lot of great benefits and value adds,  but you need determine your one strongest and most specific competitive advantage. HINT: Stress your competitive advantage as a solution to a problem (if possible). Step 3: Determine Your Target Audience Your marketing plan cannot be effective unless you know the specific demographics of the customers you are trying to reach. Again, try to be as specific as possible as the most effective marketing plans are centered around targeted, accurate broadcasting and not so much reaching the highest number of people possible. A thousand random prospects will usually not earn you as much profit as 10 of the right prospects. QUESTION: Which group of people will be most accepting and willing to receive my marketing message? You can save a ton of money by knowing who your target audience is and tailoring your marketing to that group of people. HINT: Identify ALL of your target groups, BUT market to each group with tailored, targeted messages. Step 4: Determine Your Marketing Methods There are so many ways to market a business these days; however, only a few marketing methods and mediums are raising to the top as being the most cost effective and penetrating. Get out of your old, set ways of how marketing needs to be and expand your efforts into some of today’s most effective means of reaching prospects. Ask yourself this question: QUESTION: Which marketing strategies will allow me to reach my prospects where they are without annoying or interrupting them and will I be able to directly track the results of these efforts? Online marketing is one of, if not, the most cost effective ways to market a business these days. We recommend a comprehensive marketing campaign that includes all of the following online marketing methods: * Business Website and/or Blog * Paid Search Marketing * Search Engine Optimization * Social Media Marketing * Email Marketing * Video Marketing HINT: Hire a professional to implement and maintain these online marketing services for you. You will save a ton of money in the long run. Step 5:  Determine Your Niche Now that you have pin-pointed your purpose, benefits and target market, you need to define your niche. Ask yourself this question: QUESTION: When people hear your product / business / company name, what’s the first thing that crosses their minds? Is it price, speed, exclusivity, service, value or something else? Your answer to this is your niche, also known as positioning, and it is what your prospects see and expect from you. The more defined and specialized your business becomes, the more likely it is to succeed in the long run so put some thought into this one. HINT: Once you define your niche, specialize in it as much as possible and communicate this niche throughout all of your marketing Step 6: Determine Your Marketing Budget Last, but most definitely not the least important, is to define what your marketing budget is for your business. Your marketing budget is something that should be evaluated at least 4 times a year, if not more. You should stick to your planned budget as much as possible. Too often do we see businesses get nervous in tough economies and decide to cut expenses with marketing being one of the first to see cuts. QUESTION: Do you really think that cutting your marketing budget or holding off on aggressive marketing is going to position your business appropriately in any economy? Marketing is not something you should ever cut corners on, especially in down economies when opportunities are ripe for cheaper market penetration. We recommend preparing to spend at least 10% of your gross sales on marketing your business. HINT: Calculate your marketing budget using your projected gross sales; this will help you operate in a growth mode. If you work off of your current sales then you will be plan ning a marketing strategy to just tread water. Putting It All Together These 6 steps are more than enough to get you started on developing a real marketing plan for your business. There are many more elements to a full scale marketing plan that deserves time, research and planning; however, once this work is done and you are able to see, follow, analyze and refine your marketing plan we can almost guarantee that your business will be taken to new levels of success that you have not experienced yet. Good luck and  please let us know if you need assistance or have specific questions about any or all of the steps outlined above.

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries, the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre, that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries ,the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre ,that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins(cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. Americans have been thriving on a typical diet full of sugars, carbohydrates and processed foods with omega 6 oils, for the last 60 years. While we are enjoying the sweetness of a baked roll in our mouth, our bodies perceive it as a threat to its well-being like an enemy waging war. How can an innocent looking, delicious sweet roll cause a cascade of inflammation to cause serious disease? When you eat simple carbohydrates like sugar, it causes the blood sugar to rise. In response pancreas secrete a hormone Insulin meant to control the blood sugar level. Insulin drives the extra sugar into cells, but if the cells do not require that sugar they throw extra sugar again into blood, as excessive sugar might impair their function. The body secretes more insulin to deal with the rise in blood sugar as a result of extra sugar rejected by cells. The extra glucose gets converted to stored fats. Let’s talk more about that â€Å"not so innocent† sweet roll. Sugar is not the only culprit contained in it .it is baked in omega6 oils like soybean. The same omega 6 oils are used in chips and fries and present in processed foods to give longer shelf life. These omega 6 oils are essential as they are part of cell membranes ,but they need be in correct balance with omega 3 oils .A faulty balance between the two , due to excessive consumption of omega 6 can cause cell membranes to produce Cytokines ,chemical substances which cause inflammation. The ideal ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 should be 1:1, but up to 3; 1 is acceptable considering the trends in food consumption, but today an average American diet is imbalanced to the range of 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6.This results in huge amounts of cytokines causing inflammation. To add to the injury caused by high blood sugar, the excess weight that we accumulate as a result of these foods, cause over-burdened fat cells which release chemical substances contributing in causing inflammation. So the journey that starts with savoring a sweet roll trigger the harmful process of inflammation in our body causing heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and Alzheimers disease, There is no choice but to accept that our bodies are not designed by nature to utilize foods rich in sugar and dripping with omega 6 oils. Our continued use of these foods means that inflammatory process in our bodies goes unabated. The solution for curbing this inflammatory process lies in getting closer to nature. Consume foods in their natural form. For carbohydrates choose fruits and vegetables (contain complex carbohydrates), eat proteins to build muscles. Restrict the use of mega 6 oils like corn oil and soybean oil and processed foods containing them. Make healthier choices, one tablespoon of corn oil contains 7,280 mg of omega-6; soybean contains 6,940 mg, instead choose to use olive oil or butter from grass-fed beef. These animal fats contain less than 20% of omega 6, thus much lesser risk for causing inflammation, as opposed to the so called healthier polyunsaturated oils. The myth that saturated fats alone are responsible for heart disease has been drummed into your ears for so long that you believe it as â€Å"science†. It is time for you to leave behind all overstated science of saturated fats raising cholesterol and only saturated fats causing heart disease. In context of the new discovery, that inflammation not cholesterol causes heart disease, the concern about saturated fats no longer remains relevant. The old cholesterol theory led to low fat and no fat dietary recommendations and consumption of foods taking the injurious effects of inflammation to an epidemic proportion. People were wronged by the advice to increase the consumption of omega 6 oils and decreasing the use of saturated fats, leading to injurious cascade of inflammation inside our bodies; it resulted in all-time highest rates for developing heart and other chronic diseases What you can do to Right this wrong? I will emphasize again, go natural. Try to remember the foods your grandmother served on the table and get closer to them instead of processed foods your mother bought from the grocery store. Good news is that by avoiding the inflammatory food and consuming fresh unprocessed food containing essential nutrients, you cannot only halt the process of inflammation inside the body, but you can also turn the wheels of this process backwards and reverse the injurious effects of eating a typical American diet for many years. Animal Proteins; You Should Eat Them for a Healthy Heart Most people think that only health problem associated with eating a vegetarian, also called as vegan diet, is Vitamin B12 deficiency, as its present only in animal sources in its natural form. This is a serious health hazard as research has shown that vitamin B12 deficiency can cause elevated homocysteine levels, which increase the risk for developing heart disease and stroke. But, B12 deficiency is not the only health risk associated with vegan diet. New research is coming up with evidence that diet devoid of all animal foods leads to a low dietary intake of proteins and sulfur amino acids, thus increasing the risk of heart disease in vegetarians. Vegetables are an excellent source of nutrients and have lots of benefits for the heart and overall health. You can eat as much vegetables as you like without any health fear, rather this is what should be aimed by every one for optimal health. The problem arises when you eliminate animal proteins completely from your diets resulting in deficiency of valuable nutrients that can only be obtained from animal sources. According to WHO (World health Organization), 36 million people die each year because of chronic diseases also known a Non communicable diseases. The four major diseases of this group include heart diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, Diabetes and cancers. In the US, in the Year 2013, more than 1,660,290 new cancer cases were projected to be diagnosed and about 580,350 Americans died from the disease. Today, heart disease is the leading Couse of death in America, both in men and women. About 600,000 Americans die of heart disease annually. Modern biomedical science has made leaps of advancement in technology in the last 50 years or so, but western medicine has failed to control the occurrence of these top killer diseases, i.e. cancer and heart disease. Practice over the years has shown that western medicine has developed â€Å"conventional strategies† for dealing these diseases from the diagnosis to treatment .These conventional strategies are based on wrong assumptions and approaches that have proven to be more harmful than beneficial. Moreover, these strategies of modern medicine do not address the root cause of the problem, which is a faulty diet high in Sugars and processed foods. For more than 60 years, saturated fats have been held responsible for causing heart disease. The conventional dietary advice and recommendations for prevention of heart diseases have remained focused on low fat diet, but these faulty recommendations have actually contributed in the epidemic of heart disease and other chronic diseases, we are facing today. Stress on low fat diets has resulted in promulgation of a very dangerous low-fat, high-sugar diet. Actually, an optimum diet that promotes health and prevents diseases should be high in good fats and very low in sugars and carbohydrates from the non-vegetable sources. Research conducted by some of the most prestigious institutions in the US confirms that Sugar is the main dietary factor responsible for development of chronic diseases. This information that sugar especially in form of fructose is the main culprit in causing heart disease and cancers enables you to chalk out a prevention plan for yourself. Health practitioners and naturopaths have been warning against the health risks associated with the high consumption of sugars. Many people stop or decrease the use of sugar in tea or coffee and other sweets or confectionaries, but you have to beware of the Hidden sugar in food products. Hidden sugar is present as ‘High fructose corn syrup’ (HFCS) in almost every processed food item ranging from sodas to yogurts, sauces, and breads. Many staple foods which are grain based like wheat, corn or rice are also eventually converted to the sugar in your body. Thus, the bagels, pan cakes and breakfast cereal are actually increasing the sugar burden in your body. The main culprit among sugars is Fructose. Clinical trials showed that people consuming HFCS were more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases risk factor in a short span of almost two weeks. The brighter side is that studies have also shown that if sugar consumption is restricted ,whatever sugar form it may be ,it significantly decreases the risk for developing both breast and colon cancers. The health benefits of fruits are far more greater than any concerns for fructose damage ,but remember two principles Eat in moderation ,as the newer trend to grow fruits that are very sweet has resulted in very high levels of fructose in fruits as compared to earlier times Eat the whole fruit and refrain from juices, as juice contains only the sugar and vitamins and deficient in the fiber and other nutrients contained in the pulp of fruits. The real cause of concern is the High fructose syrup that is added in almost every processed food or drink that we buy. Healthy diet for maintaining blood glucose and Insulin levels, in conjunction with a comprehensive exercise program are two essential components of a cancer recovery program. These are also essential parts of any cancer prevention strategy. Diet and exercise also play an important role in preventing heart disease. Research studies have shown that exercise can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by a factor of three. In a recent meta-analysis conducted at the Bloomberg institute of Public health, 305 randomized controlled trials were reviewed for comparing the effects of exercise and heart disease medications. The analysis interestingly revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of exercise and heart medicines like statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and beta blockers. The crux of the matter remains that a â€Å"Healthy life style†, to maintain an adequate weight with healthy eating and regular exercise is the need. A healthy diet and exercise program ensures that insulin and leptin receptor sensitivity is maintained. As mentioned earlier, insulin and leptin resistance, resulting for the excessive consumption of refined sugars and lack of exercise, is the root cause of all chronic diseases Things to be done to reverse insulin and lepton resistance effectively are; Keep away from sugar, processed foods ,processed fructose and grains Consume healthy diet of organic, whole foods Carbohydrates in grains can be replaced with healthier choices like large quantities of vegetables, high quality proteins in low to moderate amounts; ideally form organically raised pastured animals. Forget the faulty recommendation of 10% fats in diet. Consume as much as you like from healthy fats (saturated and monosaturated fats from animal and tropical oil sources).For optimum health people may use up to 50-85% fats in their diet Deep fried food in Traditional Southern Diet makes you prone for developing- STROKE The traditional southern food is famous for the deep fried stuff, but new medical research suggests that consumption of these deep fried food increases the risk for developing Stroke. The results from a research study conducted at University of Alabama at Birmingham were presented at the annual International Stroke Conference in Hawaii. The results showed a massive 41 % percent increase in the risk for developing stroke for people who use the typical southern diet rich in deep fried items regularly, as compared to those who don’t use such food, and the risk was even higher for African-American which was 63 percent How to attain Balance in Omega 6:3 Ratio I would be giving you few tips for avoiding the consumption of foods that would adversely affect the omega 6:3 ratio. 1: Always read the label of the foods and condiments you buy. Almost all processed and prepackaged food contains oils that are rich in omega 6 and thus would adversely affect your Omega 6:3 balance. In the following table you would find oils rich in omega 6, thus need to be avoided and the other alternate choices of fats that are acceptable for maintaining this balance. The paleo diet consumed by our forefathers mainly consisted of lean meats, vegetables, fruits nuts, seeds and very limited amounts of grains, along with a very active lifestyle they maintained their blood sugar levels in the range of 60 to 90 mg /dl. Meanwhile the high carb and sugary diets which are consumed today result in unhealthy spikes in blood sugar levels. The excess blood sugar in our blood causes many health hazards including heart disease, damage to the blood vessels and may trigger yeast over growth resulting in fungal infections

The Beatles’ Legacy Essay -- Beatles Music Group History Essays

The Beatles’ Legacy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many know The Beatles as the most popular and influential music group of the 20th century. In the early 1960’s, their popularity grew rather rapidly. They continued gaining popularity well through the 1960’s. Although their popularity has decreased somewhat over time, the influences they have contributed during their career have remained apparent even today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Beatles originated from the UK in the early 1960’s. Before becoming known as the â€Å"Fab Four† the Beatles had multiple band member alterations. In August 1960, after settling on the name the Beatles the band had 5 members. Two years following the official band naming the number of members decreased to four. The front-line guitarists John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, and the bands drummer, Ringo Star, became the permanent members of the Beatles in 1962. In England, by the end of 1963 the band had become well known and highly adored musical artists. However despite their popularity in the UK, the company who held American rights to the Beatles, Capitol, did not believe they were capable of breaking out onto the American pop charts. As stated by Capitol â€Å" We don’t think the Beatles will do anything in this market†. It wasn’t until November of late 1963 that Capitol agreed to release the first Beatles single, â€Å"I Want To Hold Your Hand†. The song shot up to number one in America only one month after it had been played on the radio for the first time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Beatles had just made history. They were the first British band to ever rank so high on the American charts. What made this accomplishment even more amazing was the time frame in which they achieved it. The Beatles arrived in America for the first time on February 7, 1964 to make their American television debut on the Ed Sullivan Show. Awaiting them at John F. Kennedy airport was a mob of fanatic fans that were eagerly anticipating their arrival. The night of the Beatles appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show attracted the largest television audience ever recorded in history. The following day â€Å" 74 million people—40 percent of the entire U.S. population watched The Beatles of London†¦a CBS press release report†(Harrington, pg 3). Just two years after they first formed the Beatles were becoming international icons. What made them so successful so soon? During the 1960’s, turmoil and change gripp... ...Some argue they had perfect timing. Timing is everything. Others say it was their outstanding musical talent. Whatever the reason may be, the Beatles began a revolution in 1962 and never quite finished it. They withstood the test of time. Something very few music groups have ever done. They set records and enlightened fans. Without them, who knows where the 1960’s would have taken us. They were our rock. The Beatles made the feelings of depression and confusion during that time disappear. The fact is as much as they needed their public their public needed them more. The band officially split up publicly on May, 8th 1970. The last album released by the Beatles was â€Å"Let It Be†. The contributing factors to their break up vary. The death of their manager Brien Epstien due to a drug overdose, the groups introduction to drugs, and John Lennon’s love for Yoko Ono are a few of those factors. After the break up some members went on to pursue a solo career. Even though the band no longer is together, they will always remain known as the Beatles. To many people of that time, these four guys from Liverpool, England were not just a band they were beacons of change and progression.

Healthcare in the United States Essay

Health care around the world is very different. The United States is a pluralistic, privately owned system. They are technology driven, and an insurance based type of health care. They have issues with the cost rising versus the people receiving benefits. Germany, Canada, and Great Britain all use a universal type of health care where they believe all citizens should have moderate access to treatments. Germany uses Socialized Health Insurance. Canada uses National Health Insurance that is divided among its provinces and territories. Finally, Great Britain uses Socialized Health Insurance. Key Words: Health care, United States, Germany, Great Britain, Canada. The United States of America is based upon principles set forth by our founding fathers. â€Å"We the people by the people† is one of the principles that we still live by today. This is a value that we implement in all sects of government, including health care. The United States has a health care system that is mostly pri vately owned. The government usually steps in when needed. Such cases involve money for vulnerable populations, fundraising, and training individuals in the healthcare field. There are many characteristics of our healthcare system that are vastly different than other countries such as: Germany, Canada, and Great Britain. While the United States’ healthcare is mostly managed by private sectors, their healthcare is predominantly run and financed by the government. Growth in science has led for an essential need for new technology. Hospitals are constantly competing and advertising new technology. Why compete for new technology? Many healthcare providers and holders of heath care plans feel that there are great legal risks involved when new technology has not been implemented. Other stakeholders that desire modern technology are the patients and the physicians. Patients now desire to use new technology because they assume that it has greater benefits than the old method. Physicians also want to tinker with the new tools that modern day society has developed. In the United States, access to health care is based on insurance coverage. You may receive the service through four major avenues. Firstly, the public may join a government healthcare program such as Medicare or Medicaid to receive benefits. Secondly, employers can provide insurance to their employees. Thirdly, an individual with the means to afford healthcare may purchase insurance on their own. Finally, people may  pay for services individually. However, there are some Americans who have chosen not to have insurance. â€Å"In 2006, forty-seven million people (58.8% of the population) were uninsured, meaning they were not covered by any program, public or private† (jblearning.com). When someone is uninsured they have a few options. One option is to pay out of pocket for the individual services that they require. The second option is to access Federal Fund Centers, and the third option is to pursue treatment for their acute illness. When a citizen seeks treatment, hospitals are required to give them care due to the implement of The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986. This law states that a few tasks must be completed regardless of the patient’s ability to pay the hospital. The patient must first be admitted to the hospital and then given a physical scan. Following the scan the individual should be given the appropriate care in order to stabilize them. Furthermore, a major characteristic of health care in the United States is the exorbitant amount of money it costs to receive health care. As a nation, we spend more than any other country in the world on providing health care to our citizens. Although we are spending a large amount of the countries deficit, we are seeing little progress in providing access to the masses. Healthcare is one of the largest contributing factors to the United States’ GDP with a cost of over 2.7 trillion dollars (Sultz, 1997, p.1). With such cost, innovations and expansions are inevitable. The new technology has undoubtedly helped advance the longevity of people’s lives, but it has also raised the cost of being able to access the treatments. People with better insurance or a greater need for the service may get an unfair advantage in receiving these services. This advantage causes a moral dilemma for the physician and the Health Care Administration (HCA) staff. Physicians and staff need to make sure that the old method is no longer as great as the new technology. This will keep costs down and allow for a greater amount of peopl e to receive the treatment that they need. The United States is based on a health care system where individuals must purchase their own insurance while still paying taxes to fund other government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. As with any health care system, issues may arise. A key issue deals with employers and employees. In many cases, employers provide a healthcare program to their workers. What if the employee is a part-time worker? In such instances, many employers do not  offer such benefits for individuals who are not on the clock full-time. As we all know, health care in the United States is the most expensive care in the world. The issues with this expense are many. While costs are already high, they are only going to continue to sky-rocket. Another issue with cost is that while Americans are spending an outrageous amount of money, they are not reaping the benefits. Millions of Americans are still unable to receive the proper health care because they are unable to afford insurance. Unlike the United States, most European countries have national health care. The United States and European countries differ substantially in the way they conduct medical care for their citizens. These health care programs provide care for all citizens, known as â₠¬Å"universal health care.† Universal healthcare is a blanket term meaning there are different sub-divisions that stem from this type of care. Germany, Canada and, Great Britain all have different types of universal healthcare. Germany is a socialized health care country. Socialized health care means that funds are contributed by employers and employees because of government mandates. The Germanic government is in overall control of all procedures. However, there are still private delivery programs that help with carrying out the health care processes in Germany. â€Å"All Germans with incomes under â‚ ¬46,300 are required to enroll in one of the sickness funds† (healthcare-economist.com). Higher income citizens may opt for private care or join a federal sickness fund. The federal government decides what benefits to add to this package. Sickness funds are provided through a pay roll tax which is taken from the employer and the employee. Less than ten percent of the population decides to use private in surance. Insurance and payments using the federal sickness fund are closely related in the socialized healthcare system. Many believe that carrying out procedures in this manner provides a more orderly healthcare in comparison to the United States. Canada uses a different form of healthcare known as the National Health Insurance System or commonly referred to as Medicare. This form of insurance â€Å"was initially established in the Medical Care Act of 1966 providing fifty-fifty cost sharing† (jblearning.com). General taxes collected by the government are what finances the healthcare system but private providers deliver the care. The government decides how the insurance plans ultimately work. Canada has ten provinces and three territories that carry out the functions of the  healthcare while the government oversees their actions. All Canadian citizens and permanent residents are eligible for health insurance in Canada. Unlike America, Canada’s system is built to facilitate people’s need for health care rather than their ability to pay for services. Medicare is intended to assist all Canadian residents so that they have reasonable access to hospitals and physicians. Canada has a multi-part insurance plan for the provinces and territories. Each has similar features and standards that come together to form Canada’s health care plan. When a resident arrives at the health care facility they simply show their health care card. Most services are covered by taxes paid to the government. However, in some cases you will need private health care because policies are slightly different when traveling from a province to a territory. Finally, Great Britain’s health care is provided through the National Healthcare Service. Like Canada, their system of health care is designed to help all the citizens receive health care. Great Britain’s system is publically funded through general taxes of the people. For a single-payer health care system, the cost of providing care is relatively low. However, there are limited options in choosing your provider as well as a long waiting list to see them. â€Å"There are 750,000 Britons on the waiting lists for hospital admission; 40% of cancer patients are never able to see an oncologist; there is explicit rationing for services such as kidney dialysis, open heart surgery and care for the terminally ill†(Healthcare-economist.com). This is why a very small percent of the citizens choose t pay for private health care which is almost the same as generic health care but with better care and quicker waiting times. This health care is almost the same as the generic insurance Great Britain provides but it has shorter waiting times and better quality care. Another feature of this system is that there are no deductibles and almost no co-pay. In summary, the United States has a very different system of health care than Germany, Canada, and Great Britain. The United States is private, whereas the other countries are mostly publicly run by the government. Every system of health care has its pitfalls. Today, politicians and the public are trying to find a way to maximize the efficiency of cost, access and quality. References: http://healthcare-economist.com/2008/04/14/health-care-around-the-world-an-introduction/http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763763802/63800_ch01_final.pdfSu ltz, H., & Young, K. (1997). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (8th ed., p. 1). Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen.

Temperature and its measurement answers Essay Example

Temperature and its measurement answers Essay Example Temperature and its measurement answers Essay Temperature and its measurement answers Essay In the process of measurement of temperature, there is a lot to understand and one of them is the understanding of the working mechanisms of thermometers. In thermometers, there is either a mercury or alcohol thermometer which helps in the measurement of the hotness or coldness of a place or a body. In both the mercury and alcohol thermometers, the alcohol or the mercury used become bigger when heated and smaller when cooled. The glass tube of a thermometer ensures that the liquid is confined and that the liquid has no other space but to go up when the liquid is heated and goes down when the liquid is cooled. The calibration helps in the measurement of the extent to which the liquid is heated or cooled. There is the need to ensure that the thermometers record the right readings which help in the acquisition of the right temperatures for the benefits of the public. Question 1 Question a In the graph, the blue line represents the thermo, the red one represents thermistor while the green one represents the PRT. It is apparent that the graphs of thermo and thermistor relate directly meaning that any change in heat leads to direct effects in the all the two components of measurement. On the contrary, the graph of PRT relate in a different manner, and this is because it starts by showing a non-uniform graph the proceeds to relate directly with the other two. In this manner, the temperature has the same effects on both the thermos and the thermistor but has a different effect on the PRT. Question b The devices that are most accurate are themo and the thermistor because they show a uniform change with the change in the temperature, on the contrary, PRT is the least accurate because application of heat at the initial stages have a different effect on the substance leading to non-uniform reaction upon application of heat. Question c Another observation is that steady increase in temperature makes the devices to have a steady and uniform measurement of heat. However, thermos is the best device used in the measurement of heat because of the steady readings that it gives in the process of measurement. Question 2 From the graph, it is apparent that the increase in time does not cause any changes in the measurement devices, PRT shows no change with increase in time, however, both the thermistor and thermos show a slight change as they drop from a higher value to a smaller value but finally maintain a constant with increase in time. The second observation is that both thermistor and thermo approach zero with increase in time. Conclusion In the experiment, there are a lot that needs to be examined in the process and one of them is the measurement and the recording process. Such is because the process of recording must be carried out in a way that represents the situation on the ground and proves helpful in the experiment. Different devices used in the measurement of temperatures work differently because of the mechanism used in the process of measuring results. There is a need for students to ensure that they understand the working mechanisms of the same and that they appreciate they employ the use of thermometers in the right manner, and that they make use of the same in the right manner to ensure that they benefit the population. To help in understanding the way thermometers are used in the representation of results, there is need to compare readings from different thermometers which is of great importance to the population. In this regard, the different readings help in showing the precision of instruments to aid in making the right choices of the measuring instruments.

Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) Numbering

Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) Numbering Free Online Research Papers Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) Numbering for Telephone Numbering Plan Systems More Addresses, Less Number of Digits! Decimal National Numbering Plan†¦ Goodbye! Mag. Hasan Meslmani Abstract- In this paper, a new mechanism for Numbering Plan system of Geographical and Non-geographical for both Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is proposed using Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Numbering (2DAAN), taking into account the increasing demands for numbering capacity for both subscribers and the services in order to meet growth of subscribers numbers and telephone services, such as Free Services or Value-Added Services. This research suggests a new mechanism for numbering which is different from the conventional methods for numbering plans according to recommendations of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) using Pre-Initial Access Isolation Principle (PIASP) and presenting the telephone number as an address for using the whole Possibilities range of Generated Addresses (PGA) for the usage elements. Therefore, this research aims to reduce the digits in telephone number for both fixed and mobile telephones, ren umbering the national call code or Local Area Code (LAC) within a certain country, renumbering the Country Code (CC) for each country according to ISO 3166 Alpha-2 Code list, standardization the Length of National Number, and standardization the National Numbering Plan (NNP) in each country. I. INTRODUCTION Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) numbering This technique aims to create a huge ranges of addresses for numbering plan by means of using less number of digits taking into account designation of sufficient capacity for geographic areas and non geographic services to meet growth of telephone services, designation of numbering capacity for the future introduction of new services and designation of spare capacity in the form of codes and number ranges that are not associated with any known services and therefore potentially suitable for unforeseen expansion or the introduction of brand new services. The new mechanism depends on two main stages. The first one assumes enlargement the current numbering range by replacement its decimal elements with bigger range consists of the Latin characters elements which it fortunately already used in the current telephone keypad to execute some secondary functions. The second stage assumes using enlargement principle ones more by dropping these elements on coordinates axis by creating two dimensions mathematical model of Possibilities Theory to obtain on a big base which have the ability to generate huge range of addresses. It is the right time to redesign a new keypad which contains buttons presenting the Latin Alphabetical characters as a first function to support this technique, [1]. But this requires unfortunately partly or totally opposition some recommendations of the ITU on the international public telecommunication numbering plan such as E.123, E.163, E.164 and E.212, [2]. II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL A new mathematical model supporting the new mechanism of numbering plan for producing much more addresses sufficient to identify the huge numbers of subscribers has been developed. The general possibilities form of the Mathematical Model for the total sums of Total Generated Addresses (TGA) for a certain range can be written in the following expression (1): [1] (1) By choosing the Decimal Number range as a selected range, the previous expression can be re-written as: (2) (2) By applying this model on Two Dimensions Matrix (2D Matrix), The general form of Mathematical Model for the possibility of the produced numbers or addresses resulting from a certain range is shown in expression (3) (3) Now, by applying this model on Two Dimensions Matrix (2D Matrix), both rows and colons will be the 26th Latin alphabet characters resulting (26*26) Matrix and can be named 2D Alphabetical- Alphabetical Matrix. The components of all elements for the whole range of matrix is given in expression (4) (4) Classes of Calls When this study is applied for Calls Traffic according to Class of Calls for one month by random sample method on a set consisting of (100) suscribers belong to Sabil Exchange in Aleppo city, the following results have been obtaind and summerized in Table 1. Emergency Service International National Mobile Local Call Types 6 5 4 3 2 1 Levels %5 %5 %10 %15 %35 %40 Percentages Table 1: Calls classes As the result of that, six major classification types of calling can be followed when two A and B parties are executing calling. These classifications are: 1 Local Call 2 Mobile Call 3 National Call 4 International Call 5 Service Call 6 Emergency Call This classification will help the construction of a new hierarchy call address from one side, guiding to blow up the traditional design of the current telephone keypad and finally inspire the practical steps to redesign the button layout in the new keypad to support this hierarchy from other side, as it is illustrated in Fig. 1, [3,6]. Fig. 1: Classes of calls between the called parties (A) and (B) presentation and its percentages value. Application of Mathematical Model The general formula of the Mathematical Model for the total sums of Total Generated Addresses (TGA) possibilities for 2D Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix range can be shown in expression (4), from that, the following results can be obtained A. For n= 1 : B. For n= 2 : C. For n= 3 : D. For n= 4 : E. For n= 5 : From the previous (7), (10), (13), (16) and (19) equations and matrixes, the following Table shows the Total Generated Addresses (TGA) according to the number of digits for the 2D Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) numbering [1]. 5digit 4digit 3digit 2digit 1digit n 141,167,095,653,376 208,827,064,576 308,915,776 456,976 676 TGA Table 2: Shows the Total Generated Addresses (TGA) according to the number of digits in the proposed (2DAAM) numbering. While, the Total Generated Addresses (TGA) in connection with the number of digits for the Decimal Numbering can be summerized in Table 3 [7], [8]. 7digit 6digit 5digit 4digit 3digit 2digit 1digit n 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 TGA Table 3: Shows the Total Generated Addresses (TGA) according to the number of digits in the current decimal numbering. By applying this proposed model on different ranges, we can obtain of the following different curves which reflex the value of the selected range, as it shown in Fig. 2. Which shows a possibility of the Total generated addresses produced according to the number of digits in the present numbering system in comparison with other systems, which they are arranged from right to left as follows: 1. Decimal numbering system method 2. Mixed numbering system method 3. IPv4 numbering system method 4. 2D Alphabetical- Alphabetical numbering system method Fig. 2: Possibilities of the Total Generated Addresses (TGA) produced according to the number of digits. It is be seen obviously, that the upper curve (2D Alphabetical), which expresses of possibilities of producing the Total Generated Addresses using 2D Matrix components P(x) and P(y) for the Latin Alphabets range, will have the highest values in comparison with the other used ranges (Mixed), (IPv4) and (decimal) curves, [9]. III. THE NEW SUGGESTED HIERARCHY LEVELS In [1] and [10], The Hierarchy Levels Suggestion can be divided into two main sets as follow: A. Call Type The First set can be divided into six subsets as follows: 1. Local Call 2. Mobile Call 3. National Call 4. International Call 5. Service Call 6. Emergency Call B. Subscriber Address The second set can be divided into five subsets as follows: 1. State: can be represented by ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2 Codes 2. City: can be represented also by Alpha-2 Codes 3. Exchange: can be represented by Alpha-2 Codes 4. Zone/ Cable: can be represented by Alpha-2 Codes 5. Subscriber: can be represented by Alpha-2 Codes Types of Two Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) calls In [1], Five types of calls using the 2DAAM are defined when the number of selection digits are equals to Subscriber Address mentioned above? (n=5): 1. Emergency Service Calls This category of calls includes all kinds of free services Emergency Service ? Numbers are identified by an ‘address’ reflex the two initial characters of the services name following the type of call Emergency sign or the service identifier ‘1’. This number or address is one digit in length. Example: 1 {services name} Example1 (fire): 1 FI Example2 (police): 1 PO The size of the numbers block allocated will generate (676) addresses for services. The service identifier ‘1’ combined with the short remainder of the number is intended to provide numbers that are easily remembered. 2. Very Local Calls This category of calls includes all calls between two subscribers belong to the same exchange. Very Local Calls? Numbers are identified by an ‘address’ reflex the two initial characters of the zones name and subscribers name, respectively following the type of very local call sign or the service identifier ‘2’. This number or address is two digits in length. Example: 2 {zones name} {subscribers name} Example: 2 ZH OM The block numbers allocated size will generate (456,976) addresses for each exchange. 3. Local Calls This category of calls includes all calls between two subscribers belong to a different exchanges in the same city or region has the same Local Area Code (LAC). Local Calls? Numbers are identified by an ‘address’ reflex the two initial characters of the exchanges name, zones name and subscribers name respectively? following the type of local call sign or the service identifier ‘3’. This number or address is three digits in length. Example: 3 {exchanges name} {zones name} {subscribers name} Example: 3 SA ZH OM The block numbers allocated size will generate (308,915,776) addresses for each city or region. 4. National Calls This category of calls includes all calls between two subscribers belong to a different exchanges in a different cities or regions has the same Country Code (CC). National Calls? Numbers are identified by an ‘address’ reflex the two initial characters of the citys name, exchanges name, zones name and subscribers name following the type of national call sign or the service identifier ‘4’. This number or address is four digits in length. Example: 4 {citys name} {exchanges name} {zones name} {subscribers name} Example: 4 AL SA ZH OM The block numbers allocated size will generate (208,827,064,576) addresses for each country. 5. International Calls This category of calls includes all calls between two subscribers belong to a different exchanges in a different country has a different Country Code (CC). International Calls? Numbers are identified by an ‘address’ reflex the two initial characters of the countrys name according to ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2 Codes Countries Names table, citys name, exchanges name, zones name and subscribers name respectively following the type of international call sign or the service identifier ‘5’. This number or address is five digits in length. Example: 5 {countrys name} {citys name} {exchanges name} {zones name} {subscribers name} Example: 5 SY AL SA ZH OM The block numbers allocated size will generate (141,167,095,653,376) addresses for the world, or lets say (41,765,412,915,200) addresses for (200) countries around the world, [7]. Geographic Information System (GIS) It can be also noticed that each address such as (SY AL SA ZH OM) carries Geographic Information System (GIS) meanings; the former address can be read as follows: The subscriber Omar Meslmani (OM) is a Subscriber belongs to ZHra Zone (ZH) which belongs to Sabil Exchange (SA) in Aleppo City (AL) in Syria State (SY), as it shown in Fig. 3. [1-10]. Fig. 3: The suggested display of the new keypad. This range of addresses has the ability to define (6,425) address to every living person, whereas IPv4 supports 4.3Ãâ€"10*9 (4.3 billion) addresses, roughly 6.5 billion people population today, which is inadequate for giving even one ?address (0.66) to every living person, [11]. IV. REPRESENTATION THE SUBSCRIBER ADDRESS LEVELS We can present each level of the five subscriber address levels which consists of Alpha-2 Codes as mentioned above by only one digit product from cross point of the horizontal component on (x) axis with the vertical component on (y) axis depending on ?2D Matrix concept by special program means. A. Local Call representation Let us suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute a Local Call with a called party (B) which has the following address (SA ZH OM). Then the Local Call can be represented by three digits as it shown in Fig. 4. Fig 4: Local call representation. 1st Pair: SA (Cross Point of Horizontal Component S with Vertical Component A) 2nd Pair: ZH (Cross Point of Horizontal Component Z with Vertical Component H) 3rd Pair: OM (Cross Point of Horizontal Component O with Vertical Component M) Every pair can be represented by one digit according to the expanded Unicode coding method as it shown in Fig. 5. [1]. Fig. 5: Representation of the alphabetical pair. B. Mobile Call representation Let us suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute a Mobile Call with a called party (B) which has the following address (MT SA ZH OM). Then the Mobile Call can be represented by four digits as it shown in Fig. 6. [1]. Fig. 6: Mobile call representation. C. National Call representation Suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute a National? Call with another called party (B) which has the following address (DA DM TJ YM). This address will define the subscriber Yousef Meslmani (YM) which is a Subscriber belongs to Tenth Jazeera Zone (TJ) which belongs to Dummar Exchange (DM) from Damascus City (DA) in Syria State (SY). In this case the National Call can be represented by four digits as it shown in Fig. 7. [1] Fig. 7: National call representation. D. International Call representation Let us consider that the calling party (A) wishes to execute an International? Call with another called party (B) which has the following address (SY AL SA ZH OM). Then the International Call can be represented by five digits as it shown in Fig. 8. [1] Fig. 8: International call representation. E. Service Call representation The new mechanism of numbering should be having the ability to support all type of services calls. Let us suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute a Service? Call (Follow Me Immediately) with another (B) party which has the following address (JA MR HM). Then the Service Call can be represented by five digits as it shown in Fig. 9. [1,3-5] Fig. 9: Service call (Follow Me Immediately) representation. Let us suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute a Service? Call (Alarm Call) at seven clock (HH: 07) and thirty minute (MM: 30) for duration nine and ninety days (DD: 99). Then the Service Call can be represented by five digits as it shown in Fig. 10. [1,3-5] Fig. 10: Service call (Alarm Call) representation. F. Emergency Call representation Suppose that the calling party (A) wishes to execute an Emergency Call with a called party B (Fire) which has the following address (FI). Then the Emergency Call can be represented by one digit as it shown in Fig. 11. [1,3-5] Fig. 11: Emergency call representation. Extension of the Unicode Coding Method We suggest to modify the current database of an Unicode coding method? in order to have the ability to identify the additional (676) new characters or symbols of pair AA, AB, †¦, MA, MB, †¦, ZA, ZB, †¦, ZZ, which resulting from the proposed Mathematical Model for the total sums of Total Generated Addresses (TGA) possibilities for 2D Alphabetical- Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) range for (n=1). [9] Therefore, each pair can be represent by one symbol, then assign each one with the new hexadecimal suggested code of the extended Unicode Coding,? for instance RS= 20A8, whereas it represents in the current main version separately as follows R= 0052 and S= 0053 enable us to merge two symbols in one to save more Bytes!. V. SOME EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION Suggested Dialing of the Telephone Addresses A. Type of Call Selection The type of call can be determined by means of several ways in the suggested new keypad. For instance, we can create our own default call type to execute the desired selection by means of check mark method as it shown in Fig. 12. [1] Fig. 12: Setup default call type. B. Dialing Called Number The Dialing Called Number can be execute by another methods differ from the traditional method by means of new keypad which has been developed especially for the new mechanism of numbering according to the following flow chart illustrated in Fig. 13 [7, 8]. The Cursor Position? can be already determined by means of the new keypad type of call selection to reserve number of digits suits to the desired call and compares the value with the initial values of the parameters. Then apply two logical loops, the first one (Loop1) determines the segments of each digit, while, the second one (Loop2) determines the number of digits. [1] ? Fig. 13: Illustrates the flow chart for 2D Alphabetical- Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) numbering. 1. National Call Dialing Figure 14 illustrates stages of data reception of dialing the International Call, where the Parameter Initial Values will be as follows:? ? Type of Call = International {Intern} Cursor Position {P=5} Number of Digits {D=5} Fig. 14: International call dialing mechanism. The total length of address for the International Call dialing will be (5) digits long. The receiving data for the first digit (SY) will be received in the position no. (5), the second digit (AL) will be received in the position no. (4), the third digit (SA) will be received in the position no. (3), the forth digit (ZH) will be received in the position no. (2), and finally the fifth digit (OM) will be received in the position no. (1). 2. National Call Dialing Figure 15 illustrates stages of data reception of dialing the National Call, where the Parameter Initial Values will be as follows:? ? Type of Call = National {Nation} Cursor Position {P=4} Number of Digits {D=4} Fig. 15: National call dialing mechanism. The total length of address for the National Call dialing will be (4) digits long. The receiving data for the first digit (AL) will be received in the position no. (4), the second digit (SA) will be received in the position no. (3), the third digit (ZH) will be received in the position no. (2) and the forth digit (OM) will be received in the position no. (1). 3. Local Call Dialing Figure 16 illustrates stages of data reception of dialing the Local Call, where the Parameter Initial Values will be as follows:? ? Type of Call = Local {Local} Cursor Position {P=3} Number of Digits {D=3} Fig. 16: Local call dialing mechanism. The total length of address for the Local Call dialing will be (3) digits long. The receiving data for the first digit (SA) will be received in the position no. (3), the second digit (ZH) will be received in the position no. (2) and the third digit (OM) will be received in the position no. (1). 4. Emergency Call Dialing Figure 17 illustrates stages of data reception of dialing the Emergency ? Call, where the Parameter Initial Values will be as follows:? ? Type of Call = Emergency {Emerg} Cursor Position {P=1} Number of Digits {D=1} Fig. 17: Emergency call dialing mechanism. In this case, the total length of address for the Emergency Call dialing will be as short as (1) digit long and suits this kind of calls which require higher speed in dialing. The receiving data for the first digit (FI) will be received directly in the position no. (1). [1-10]. VI. CONCLUSION By applying this method of numbering, we can obtain several practice benefits such as: 1. Identification a Constant Length of the Telephone Address The identification of constant length of the telephone address will be formatted using the new suggested design of keypad which contains ready blocks for data reception according to 5 levels which represent the basic components of any subscriber. [1] The important result of this representation will be create a standard length of the telephone address can be used around the world and offer at the same time more addresses for far future without any changing. 2. Uniform Identification Format of the Equipment Number (EQN) As a result, the Equipment Number (EQN) of any subscriber [3-5], will identify with the telephone number or address itself. 3. Re-building New Hierarchy of the Telephone Exchange The proposed structure of next generation of the telephone exchanges focuses on cancellation some current exchange elements structure such as Shelf name and using uniform design of other element such as Blocks and Cables. [10] The following Table illustrates that the address of local call will reflex partially the basic elements parameters of exchange hierarchy Exchange room, Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and Network for the current hierarchies of exchanges which represent it the current hierarchy of Siemens (EWSD) system for instance comparing with the suggested hierarchy of the new (HASAN) system as it shown in Fig. 18. Fig. 18: Illustrate the current proposed parameters in the basic elements of exchanges (Exchange Room, MDF Room and Network). This Table shows the identification of all parameters of the various elements of communication system (Exchange, MDF and Network) according the suggested hierarchy from one side, and identifying this parameters partially with the telephone address according the suggested numbering plan from other side. Also the Table indicates to the unnecessary parameters which refer to by (X) sign and can be omitted in the new Hierarchy. [1,3-5] It believed, the time to create a standardized Worldwide Numbering Plans (WNP) instead of the traditional National Numbering Plans (NNP) has come which differ from one country to another by means of creating a certain keypad depending on investing of the Two Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Numbering (2DAAN)? and support a number of applications like cut, copy, pasting or predict text, or at least and as a first step, trying of investing the advanced present new generations of telephone keypads and its applications such as: BlackBerry which developed by the Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM), which has a built-in QWERTY keyboard. [12] IPhone which is an internet-connected multimedia smart phone designed and marketed ?by Apple Inc. Since its minimal hardware interface lacks a physical keyboard, the ?multi-touch screen renders a virtual keyboard when necessary. [13] For text input, we can also implement a virtual keyboard on the touch screen which has ?automatic spell checking and correction, predictive address capabilities for the 5 elements of suggested Hierarchy: State, City, Exchange, Zone and Subscriber. The keyboard can predict what word the user is ?typing and complete it, and correct for the accidental pressing of keys adjacent to the ?presumed desired key. [14,15] Furthermore, we can also use the next generation of this technique (WNP) in the future, which will be the Three Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical- Alphabetical Numbering (3DAAN) in the same manner mentioned above which can supports more and more addresses maybe for requirements of very far future or even forever. REFERENCES [1] M. S. H. Ali, M. N. Salaho and H. O. Meslmani, â€Å"Development a New Numbering Plan of Telephone Communication Systems,† Aleppo University Magazine publications, Engineering Science Series, vol. 63, Aleppo, Syria, 2008. [2] â€Å"ITU-T Recommendation E.164,† Assigned country codes, Geneva, Swiss, 2005. [3] â€Å"Digital electronic switching system EWSD,† Siemens training center for communication networks, Munich, Germany, 2000. [4] â€Å"Operating system documents of local exchange EWSD,† for Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE) project, Siemens company, Munich, Germany, Sept. 2001. [5] â€Å"Operating system documents of Ericsson exchange,† for Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE) project, Ericsson company, Stockholm, Sweden, Feb. 2003. [6] â€Å"Syrian Estimation Group Results,† Geography and population, Damascus, Syria, 2007. [7] â€Å"Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ,† European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), Paris, France, 1997. [8] L. W. Couh, â€Å"Digital and Analog Communications System,† Macmillan publishing company, 2nd Ed., New York, USA, 1997. [9] L. HUGHES, â€Å"Data Communications,† Mc Graw-Hill, 2nd Ed., New York, USA, 1998. [10] M. S. H. Ali, M. N. Salaho and H. O. Meslmani, â€Å"Development a New Hierarchy of Exchanges,† Aleppo University, Magazine publications, Engineering Science Series, vol. 64, Aleppo, Syria, 2008. [11] â€Å"The World Fact Book,† Geography and population rank order publications, New York, USA, July 2007. [12] Research In Motion Reports Fourth Quarter And Year-End Results For Fiscal 2006. blackberry.com/ [13] Apple Inc. (2008-06-09). Apple Introduces the New iPhone 3G. Press release. ?apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/09iphone.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. [14] ?The most advanced mobile OS. Now even more advanced.. Scott Forstalls ?presentation. Apple. 2009-03-17. ? [15] Cohen, Peter, Cut and paste, MMS highlight iPhone 3.0 ?improvements. Macworld. 2009-03-17 ?macworld.com/article/139438/2009/03/iphone30user.html. ?Retrieved on 2009-04-01. ? Hasan Omar Meslmani was born in Aleppo, Syria, on June 4, 1964. He received B.Sc. (with honors) degrees in electrical and electronic engineering in 1988 and M.Sc. degrees in communication engineering in 2004, from Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria. He joined the Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE), Aleppo Directorate in 1988, as a technician engineer, from 1988 to 1990, he was operating and maintaining engineer at Jamilieh Exchange (NEC System NEAX61), from 1991 to 1992, he was an installation Department Head at Jamilieh Exchange, from 1992 to 1993, he was a supervisor engineer at Ensari Exchange, from 1993 to 1994, he was a supervisor engineer at Sabil Exchange, from 1994 to 2007, he was a Head Exchange of Sabil Exchange, from 1998 to 2007, he was a Supervisor for Automatic Billing System for Sabil Exchange in Aleppo, Successfully completed training course at Siemens Training Center for Communication Networks in Munich, Germany (Siemens System EWSD) in1992, he has been a member of the Telecommunication Development Committee in Syria for 21st century, in Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE) in1996, Successfully completed training course at STE Training Center for Radio Communications at High Institute for Application Technology Science in Damascus, Syria in1998, After that, a successfully completed training course at Ericsson Training Center for Communication Networks in Dublin, Ireland (Ericsson System AXE 10) in 2000. He enrolled as Ph.D. student in electronic engineering in Communication Department, Aleppo University in 2006. Research Papers on Two-Dimensions Alphabetical-Alphabetical Matrix (2DAAM) NumberingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein

DROWNING GIRL DATE PAINTED: 1963 MEDIUM: Oil on Canvas PRESENTLOCATION: The Museum of Modern Art, New York SIZE: 171.8 x 169.5 Drowning Girl (1963) is an example of Lichtensteins comic style which began in the early 1960’s. Drowning Girl is a large picture of a girls head surrounded by a tumultuous wave with the caption reading â€Å"I don’t care! I’d rather sink than call Brad for help!â€Å" The first thing to notice about this work is its incredible size. The girls head is monumentally large - the entire painting is about as high as a tall woman. The piece is oversized and striking. Roy Lichtenstein’s comics are what made him famous and all his well known paintings are in this style. The source of his images are obviously from comic books but some of the elements of his compositions come from advertising. Both the form and content of the commercial comic trivialises and generalises emotions, actions, people and objects so as to make them conform to popular opinion. Lichtensteins comics simplified life and reduced its complexities into an assemblage of emotional cues. The viewer accepts this abbreviated language system because it is part of the every day world of media culture.# Lichtensteins comic style works are transparent, simple and easy to interpret. Lichtenstein used this visual language in his adaptation of comic images. The viewer can interpret Lichtensteins comics for themselves and the opinion of the author is concealed. Lichtensteins pictorial vocabulary, typography and the arrangement of his texts are from advertising. Lichtenstein used source material which everyone knew. Because his style is taken from culture - advertising and comics - things everyday people knew - it was widely understood and transparent in what it is trying to say. So in turn his style wasn’t created but rather taken from processes already familiar to people living in the modern communications system and put into new... Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein DROWNING GIRL DATE PAINTED: 1963 MEDIUM: Oil on Canvas PRESENTLOCATION: The Museum of Modern Art, New York SIZE: 171.8 x 169.5 Drowning Girl (1963) is an example of Lichtensteins comic style which began in the early 1960’s. Drowning Girl is a large picture of a girls head surrounded by a tumultuous wave with the caption reading â€Å"I don’t care! I’d rather sink than call Brad for help!â€Å" The first thing to notice about this work is its incredible size. The girls head is monumentally large - the entire painting is about as high as a tall woman. The piece is oversized and striking. Roy Lichtenstein’s comics are what made him famous and all his well known paintings are in this style. The source of his images are obviously from comic books but some of the elements of his compositions come from advertising. Both the form and content of the commercial comic trivialises and generalises emotions, actions, people and objects so as to make them conform to popular opinion. Lichtensteins comics simplified life and reduced its complexities into an assemblage of emotional cues. The viewer accepts this abbreviated language system because it is part of the every day world of media culture.# Lichtensteins comic style works are transparent, simple and easy to interpret. Lichtenstein used this visual language in his adaptation of comic images. The viewer can interpret Lichtensteins comics for themselves and the opinion of the author is concealed. Lichtensteins pictorial vocabulary, typography and the arrangement of his texts are from advertising. Lichtenstein used source material which everyone knew. Because his style is taken from culture - advertising and comics - things everyday people knew - it was widely understood and transparent in what it is trying to say. So in turn his style wasn’t created but rather taken from processes already familiar to people living in the modern communications system and put into new...

Courage Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Courage - Term Paper Example I believe Aristotle states that it is important for people to display courageous traits. However, these courageous traits must not inhibit a person’s general morality. For example, one may choose to balance his/her feelings of confidence and those of fear. He/she chooses whether to be afraid of diverse things in their lives. Therefore, a courageous individual is one who chooses to fear such things as beauty, which cannot compromise morality. In addition, courage enables individuals to avoid evil since it informs their abilities to make right decisions (Aristotle & Ross, 2009). Aristotle suggests that bravery involves an individual’s actions to fear evil for a good cause. For instance, a person may display resistance to the act of theft because it is immoral to steal. However, this resistance to steal will only qualify to be courageous depending on the reason for refusal. If the individual refuses to steal because he/she is afraid of the extreme punitive measures, then that is not courage. This is because the individual fears for wrong reasons, which are immoral in themselves according to Aristotle. However, if the individual fears the evil of stealing then he is courageous because he fears a significant thing (Aristotle & Ross, 2009). In addition, Aristotle account on fear suggests that courage is not influential because individuals with courage do not need further encouragement. Instead, these courageous persons display their fears of various graceful things on their own. Moreover, courage is evident when people display it in circumstances, which others have failed. In particular, it is indeed courageous for individuals to display their respective fears because they want to achieve a beautiful thing or a certain good for humanity. Finally, Aristotle suggests that courageous individuals do not fear such things as death because they understand

International Accouting-answers 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Accouting-answers 2 - Essay Example Options on the other hand are contractual agreements where one is given a right to exchange foreign currencies at a pre-agreed rate on a specific date in future. In this case however, the buyer has an option to exercise the contract or not therefore in the event that the foreign currency depreciates, he can opt to pay at the spot rate (Hull, 2006). It is therefore clear that forward currency options are more advantageous than forward contracts in the case of ABC. The calculation of income using the historical cost model means that costs are recorded in the income statement at their historical value or the actual cost when they were incurred. This method does not consider the current market value of the item. Liabilities are therefore recorded at their actual historical cost and it is assumed that there is no change in their value (money has a constant purchasing power) (Power, 2010). The calculation of income using the current cost model on the other hand means that the liabilities and assets are measured using their current realisable or market value. In this case, the measurement of the costs is considered to be more relevant and therefore the amount of income calculated using this method is also considered to reflect the current state of affairs in the firm. It is therefore clear the current cost model provides a more accurate calculation of income since the costs are measured at fair value (Laux & Leuz, 2009). Translation of financial statements prepared in a foreign currency is a critical part of financial reporting in that it allows for foreign investors to understand the financial statements in terms of the principles used in the preparation as well as the figures in terms of the local currency. An investor will therefore be able to make their decisions based on the specific valuations of the company in their local currency while in a case where they are not translated; an investor may not know which foreign

Error Simulation Enviroment For The Dicode Pulse Position Modulation Essay

Error Simulation Enviroment For The Dicode Pulse Position Modulation - Essay Example The number of erasure error symbols that is erased is within the capacity of the decoder in his recovery of the original data. In this test design, the number of erasure error symbols must be less or equal to 8 symbols per codeword. Figures (7.2) & (7.3) show the system input/output signals. Figure (7.2) shows the performance of the system when the number of erasure symbols equals 8 per codeword, while the figure (7.3) displays the system signals when the number of erasure symbols equals 5. In these figures, the fail output signal is logic 0. This means that the system has successfully decoded the original codeword. We can add or delete erasures by updating lines 294 and 295 inside the code. The number of erasure error symbols that is erased is greater than the capacity of the decoder to recover the original data. In this test design, the number of erasure symbols is greater than 8 symbols per codeword. Figure (7.4) shows the system input/output signals when the number of erasure sym bols equals 9 per codeword. In this figure, the fail output signal is logic 1, which means that the system has failed to decode the original codeword. We can add or delete erasures by updating lines 294 and 295. A VHDL test bench program Appendix ( ) has been built to provide an environment where errors can be injected into the system. According to equation (6.7), the designed system has the ability to correct up to 4 erasure errors only. Above this number, the system will fail to decode the original message.

Constitution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constitution - Term Paper Example It was an economic and social institution.On this note, a variety of civil rights movement arose to advocate for the abolishment of slavery, and recognition of the black people as Citizens of United States of America2. This would allow them to enjoy greater freedom and equality that emanated from democracy. Various amendments were made to the American constitution were made to abolish slavery, and advocate for the right of every American citizen to vote. In 1865, the thirteenth amendment recognized the concept of natural freedom, and abolished slavery.The fourteenth amendment spelt out the qualifications of a citizen, and spelt out their rights and liberties. The Fifteenth amendment was ratified in 1870, and it gave all American the right to vote, irrespective of race, religion or color.On this note, the American system of democracy is termed as the constitutional democracy. Constitutionaldemocracy is always subject to the rule of law. The elected representatives of the people must e xercise power3, basing on the requirements of the law, which on most occasions, advocates and protects the rights of people, and their freedom. On this note, the Judiciary, and in particular the United States Supreme Court plays an important role in ensuring that the democratic process of United States of America adheres to the law. In the case Baker vs. Carr, the court made an important ruling regarding the one man one vote system. This paper examines the importance of this ruling in promoting the principles of democracy and constitutional rule in United States of America. This paper observes that, the ruling was very important in promoting democracy and regulating the behavior of the American political system. This paper analyzes the case, identifies important elements in the case, which relate to promoting democracy in the State. This paper also looks at the various cases that the judiciary used to the case to solve. Baker vs. Carr, is a 1962 decision by the Supreme Courtthat dec ided the eligibility of the Federal and State legislature in creating new voting zones4. The defendant, in the case argued that, the concepts of redistricting, is a political issue, and therefore the judiciary does not have the authority to intervene. The Judiciary only intervenes on legal issues, and not political issues. According to the case, the Tennessee State Constitution advocate for the re-drawing of legislative districts after every ten years. The purpose of this was to equally distribute the citizens of a district. The plaintiff, Mr Baker argued that re-districting the districts amounted to a breach of his constitutional right of equal protection, as advocated by the Fourteenth amendment. However, the State of Tennessee made a defense arguing that re-districting is a political process, and the judiciary does not have an authority to preside over a political process5.However, the United Supreme Court ruled that the decision by Tennessee to allow re-districting after every t en years was unconstitutional, and it breached the right of equality as advocated for under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. On this note, the state had to re-district based on the number of voters, as opposed to the size of the territory. This case,

PDR and Gnatt chart for the data access project Research Paper

PDR and Gnatt chart for the data access project - Research Paper Example For this project a student and faculty web-portal design will be created to give both students and faculty members separate access towards their past performance records, quizzes, assignments and other data track record and access. Executive summary To resolve the problem we recommend implementing a web portal for students so that they can access their records off the normal process of using the university website. We reviewed other alternatives but the proposed solution is selected because it will save the institution extra cost and also will save the university the trouble of maintaining two different websites, for students and for visitors. The technology for the solution meets our long term goals of faster internet access and reliability in accessing records for students. The solution dovetails with our current operating environment where we have implemented strategic systems that help students in their studies. The project is expected to cost $306640 and require 2 months to comp lete. Specific benefits this project provides are faster access to student records, assured security of the data and reliability in accessing details for students. ... This problem can also be solved by making proper networking in the college networking department. This networking will help to differentiate the portal of faculty and students so that their treatment and privacy can be individually managed without intervening in each other’s portal or access point. Alternatives We reviewed other alternatives like if we could create a different website that would be used by students and teachers alone. We thought this alternative would not make sense because the website would be congested after some time and implementing security and authentication in a normal website would also be tedious. By implementing a web portal, we would still use the same domain name that we already have. Stakeholders The stakeholders of the project include students and members of staff. They will benefit from the project directly. With regard to the above-mentioned networking and portal services solutions, the students and faculty will be directly affected. They will gain a number of benefits out of these services in different forms including fast service, rapid access to their accounts, and an increase in student and faculty productivity as well. This Project will also help new and potential students who visit the college website to retrieve information (i.e. admission and course schedules) in an efficient manner. Scope/SOW The project will entail developing a web portal that will address the data access issues for faculty members and students. This does not however mean that the project will come up with a separate website to be used by these groups. It is developing a different system that will be integrated with the website which will help students and faculty members to access various records. The web portal that is being developed in

President Obamas' Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Essay

President Obamas' Verbal and Non-verbal Communication - Essay Example Therefore, in order to communicate effectively with the public the governmental figure must show various characteristics that are essential to do so. In this paper, we shall be analyzing how the President Obama communicates as well as whether he takes correct steps and procedure when passing his message to the public. The first thing that can be noted when Obama is communicating is that he shows a great deal of confidence while speaking. This serves to give the public the opinion that he is confident in what he is saying and that he actually believes it to be true. It is a known fact that the public is more appreciative of listening to a confident person than to a person without confidence because a message delivered with confidence is always better received. Confidence also gives the impression of the speaker is telling the truth because all his words are said without anything that might suggest that he is lying to his audience. Furthermore, confidence ensures that the audience give s the speaker their utmost attention throughout his speech and because he has their attention, the message he is trying to communicate will be received with little or no distortion (Denham, 1998). The second thing, which is notable in Obama and most if not all governmental officials when communicating with the public is their being well, versed in the subject matter of what they are trying to communicate. It can be seen that they have studied the history of what they are communicating and have made their own personal analysis of it before coming to make their speech to the public. It seems that the public is more receptive of the speaker and what he is saying because of this and this may ensure that the speaker has the undivided attention of the public. The knowledge of the subject matter ensures that the speaker is able to communicate well with the public and that what he says is comprehensible (Sam, 2003). His understanding of the subject also ensures that the speaker is able to i nterpret and simplify the message for his audience so that they are better able to understand what it is he is trying to pass on to them. A result of having prior knowledge of what he is communicating is that it gives the governmental figure the necessary confidence to not only pass on the message he wishes to the public, but he is also able to add on to it his own opinions and relate them to the current situation. When communicating to the public, it can be noted that President Obama pauses often to let his message sink in. these pauses often occur immediately after the speaker makes an important point or when there is an ovation from the public after he has stated what has pleased them. These pauses are important not only to allow the audience to receive the message well, but it also ensures that the audience does not lose track of the speech itself while making their ovations. A good speaker should take note of where and when make these pauses in his speech so that he does not lo se his audience (Trahant, 2006). In addition to making pauses in his speech, the governmental figure also seems not only to be serious throughout the speech but his facial expression follows the mood of his audience. However, he does not allow the audience to control completely the process, and in fact, he is the one who controls the mood

Constitution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constitution - Term Paper Example It was an economic and social institution.On this note, a variety of civil rights movement arose to advocate for the abolishment of slavery, and recognition of the black people as Citizens of United States of America2. This would allow them to enjoy greater freedom and equality that emanated from democracy. Various amendments were made to the American constitution were made to abolish slavery, and advocate for the right of every American citizen to vote. In 1865, the thirteenth amendment recognized the concept of natural freedom, and abolished slavery.The fourteenth amendment spelt out the qualifications of a citizen, and spelt out their rights and liberties. The Fifteenth amendment was ratified in 1870, and it gave all American the right to vote, irrespective of race, religion or color.On this note, the American system of democracy is termed as the constitutional democracy. Constitutionaldemocracy is always subject to the rule of law. The elected representatives of the people must e xercise power3, basing on the requirements of the law, which on most occasions, advocates and protects the rights of people, and their freedom. On this note, the Judiciary, and in particular the United States Supreme Court plays an important role in ensuring that the democratic process of United States of America adheres to the law. In the case Baker vs. Carr, the court made an important ruling regarding the one man one vote system. This paper examines the importance of this ruling in promoting the principles of democracy and constitutional rule in United States of America. This paper observes that, the ruling was very important in promoting democracy and regulating the behavior of the American political system. This paper analyzes the case, identifies important elements in the case, which relate to promoting democracy in the State. This paper also looks at the various cases that the judiciary used to the case to solve. Baker vs. Carr, is a 1962 decision by the Supreme Courtthat dec ided the eligibility of the Federal and State legislature in creating new voting zones4. The defendant, in the case argued that, the concepts of redistricting, is a political issue, and therefore the judiciary does not have the authority to intervene. The Judiciary only intervenes on legal issues, and not political issues. According to the case, the Tennessee State Constitution advocate for the re-drawing of legislative districts after every ten years. The purpose of this was to equally distribute the citizens of a district. The plaintiff, Mr Baker argued that re-districting the districts amounted to a breach of his constitutional right of equal protection, as advocated by the Fourteenth amendment. However, the State of Tennessee made a defense arguing that re-districting is a political process, and the judiciary does not have an authority to preside over a political process5.However, the United Supreme Court ruled that the decision by Tennessee to allow re-districting after every t en years was unconstitutional, and it breached the right of equality as advocated for under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. On this note, the state had to re-district based on the number of voters, as opposed to the size of the territory. This case,

President Obamas' Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Essay

President Obamas' Verbal and Non-verbal Communication - Essay Example Therefore, in order to communicate effectively with the public the governmental figure must show various characteristics that are essential to do so. In this paper, we shall be analyzing how the President Obama communicates as well as whether he takes correct steps and procedure when passing his message to the public. The first thing that can be noted when Obama is communicating is that he shows a great deal of confidence while speaking. This serves to give the public the opinion that he is confident in what he is saying and that he actually believes it to be true. It is a known fact that the public is more appreciative of listening to a confident person than to a person without confidence because a message delivered with confidence is always better received. Confidence also gives the impression of the speaker is telling the truth because all his words are said without anything that might suggest that he is lying to his audience. Furthermore, confidence ensures that the audience give s the speaker their utmost attention throughout his speech and because he has their attention, the message he is trying to communicate will be received with little or no distortion (Denham, 1998). The second thing, which is notable in Obama and most if not all governmental officials when communicating with the public is their being well, versed in the subject matter of what they are trying to communicate. It can be seen that they have studied the history of what they are communicating and have made their own personal analysis of it before coming to make their speech to the public. It seems that the public is more receptive of the speaker and what he is saying because of this and this may ensure that the speaker has the undivided attention of the public. The knowledge of the subject matter ensures that the speaker is able to communicate well with the public and that what he says is comprehensible (Sam, 2003). His understanding of the subject also ensures that the speaker is able to i nterpret and simplify the message for his audience so that they are better able to understand what it is he is trying to pass on to them. A result of having prior knowledge of what he is communicating is that it gives the governmental figure the necessary confidence to not only pass on the message he wishes to the public, but he is also able to add on to it his own opinions and relate them to the current situation. When communicating to the public, it can be noted that President Obama pauses often to let his message sink in. these pauses often occur immediately after the speaker makes an important point or when there is an ovation from the public after he has stated what has pleased them. These pauses are important not only to allow the audience to receive the message well, but it also ensures that the audience does not lose track of the speech itself while making their ovations. A good speaker should take note of where and when make these pauses in his speech so that he does not lo se his audience (Trahant, 2006). In addition to making pauses in his speech, the governmental figure also seems not only to be serious throughout the speech but his facial expression follows the mood of his audience. However, he does not allow the audience to control completely the process, and in fact, he is the one who controls the mood

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay Abstract Windows of Vulnerability is defined as the ability to attack something that is at risk. Hackers search and pride themselves on finding vulnerabilities or creating their own within a system. A few examples of vulnerabilities that will be covered in this paper are CodeRed, Spida, Slammer, Lovesan, and Sasser. The worm named Code Red was observed on the internet on July 13, 2001. Computers running Microsoft IIS web server were attacked with this worm. Code Red worm did not infect the largest amount of computers until July 19, 2001 with 359,000 hosts being infected. The worm would spread itself in a vulnerability known as a buffer overflow. It would do this by using a long string of the repetition of the letter â€Å"N† to overflow a buffer. Spida worm infects via Microsoft SQL installations with administrator accounts that have no passwords defined. Microsoft recommends the â€Å"sa† account be set upon installation but many servers are not properly secured after installation. The main purpose of the Spida worm is to export an infected server’s Sam password database. SQL Slammer worm caused a denial of service on Internet host and slowed down general internet traffic. On January 25, 2003 it spread rapidly and infected 75,000 victims in ten minutes. The worm exploited the buffer overflow and would generate random IP addresses, send itself out to those addresses. If one of those addresses happens to belong to a host that is running an unpatched copy of Microsoft SQL Server Resolution Service, the host becomes infected and sprays the Internet with more copies of the worm. Lovesan worm A.K.A. MSBlast or Blaster Worm was a worm that spread to computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. The worm spread using a buffer overflow. This allowed the worm to spreads without the users opening attachments simply by spamming itself. The worm would display a two messages reading â€Å"I just want to say LOVE YOU SAN!!Soo much.† This message gave the worm the name Lovesan; the second message read â€Å"Billy Gates why do you make this possible ? Stop making money and fix your software!!†. Sasser worm affects computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. Sasser spreads through a vulnerable network port. It is particularly easy to spread without user intervention but is also easily stopped by a  properly configured firewall. The worm received the name Sasser because it would spread through a buffer overflow in the component known as LSASS(Local Security Authority Subsystem). References Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Code Red (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(computer_worm) IBM X-Force: Ahead of the Threat Resources. advise118 . Retrieved from http://www.iss.net/threats/advise118.html Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. SQL Slammer Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Slammer Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Blaster (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaster_(computer_worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sasser (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasser_(computer_worm)

Study of the book something to declare

Study of the book something to declare The purpose of analyzing the book of essays Something to Declare by Julia Alvarez is to establish the differences between Dominican and American culture. All along the book, she defines the two cultures within the 24 essays in which she relates her life in all aspects with fully-described details. Our criteria in selecting the topic of cultural contrast between the two countries, is in order to raise the differences and similarities of the cultures which have always had a good relationship in economic and business matters. We focused our interest on this issue because of the cultural shock and the process of acculturation experienced but the author when she was only a ten year-old girl, and as a result, that event has transformed her life into a creative and multidimensional writer. This interesting book is divided in two parts. The first part is regarding her customs; the family drama (when Julia and her family had to leave their native country), her arriving to the United States, her refusal to adopt another culture and language, her transitional identity, and how finally she became a bicultural woman and writer. The second part describes the passion that Julia feels towards Literature, especially, the writing aspect. She openly explained the deep desire she has ever had of writing, as well as the routine she has developed through the years to do what she loves the most. Julia also tells about the struggle she had to overcome during the beginning of her career as a writer. The selection of the Julia Alvarez as the center of our research is due to her great literary work throughout her career. Even though she has spent most of her life living in the United States, she has succeeded internationally writing about her Dominican roots and Dominican culture, which is very remarkable. Her wonderful work wrote on papers is more than enough reason to select her autobiography as the subject of our analysis. In the introductory part of this investigation, is the biography. It relates chronologically Julias life from a more abstract view; combining personal and literary aspects all at once. Following the bio are the literary activities, which focus the glance on the awards and the books she has published so far. The third part contains the historical background of the book. It describes the time and places when the story was developed, as well as the events that occurred at the time. Furthermore, it includes the presidents of the two countries as the author relates her experiences through the years. The characters and the summary are the next parts, which are an excerpt taken from the book to give an idea about the interesting content of the essays. On the other hand, the literary critics shows the point of view of important people, magazines and newspapers about Something to Declare. Finally, we analyzed the essays from a very particular perspective. We took Julias own words to show the contrast between the two cultures she belongs to. The examples displayed along the analysis demonstrate that the authors heart is divided in two nations: the Dominican Republic and the United States. 1.2 LITERARY ACTIVITIES. In 1997 Alvarez published I! All in reflections and criticism could itself Alvarezs literary success. In the Name of Salome (2000), this book has been widely acclaimed for her careful historical research. 1.3 LITERARY CRITICS Alvarez ´s new book embraces readers as if she were opening the door for unexpected guests. -The Orlando Sentinel. Spry, inviting writingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Alvarez has clearly made her second language her own. -Entertainment Weekly. A valuable collection of essaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦introduces writing as a craft full of awareness. And this awareness gives Alvarez a voice that promises to continue to declare itself. -Christian Science Monitor. Evocative, touching, often amusingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Alvarezs fluid style blends personal history with insight. Her book is a must-read for anyone who loves and struggles with writing, and it is a witness to the ability of the human soul to renew itself daily. -The Tampa Tribune. In this collection, Alvarez artfully reveals how and why she writes. -The Hartford Courant. JULIA ALVAREZ is the author of the critically acclaimed novels  ¡Yo!, In the Time of the Butterflies (a National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist), and How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. Ms. Alvarez is also the author of collections of poetry, The Other Side/El OtroLado and Homecoming (all available in Plume editions). She lives with her husband in Vermont. Julia Alvarez is a writer on a different kind of edge. _The Nation. Vibrantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Something to Declare at the same time reveals and masks whats upsetting with an abundance of humor and a measure of self-denigration. Bloomsbury Review. Alvarez wields her legendary storytellers power to hold an audience spellbound while enlarging its vision through the deft use of empathy. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. To be read slowly and carefully, as a special gift from a writer whose skill and enthusiasm have enriched the country she now considers her home. Anniston Star (Alabama). Poignantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ironicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The writing transcends itself and becomes a new consciousness, a new place on the map. The Virginian-Pilot. (Alvarez) paints with vibrant, earthy clarityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Open and lively. Publishers Weekly. A wonderful literary and biographical gift for both aspiring writers, teachers of literature, and fans of Julia Alvarez _Bookwatch. Simply wonderful. The novel becomes more powerful with each passing chapter. -Los Angeles Times In the Time of the Butterflies potent and luminousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ confirms Julia Alvarez as a Latin American storyteller whose voice we need to hear. _The Philadelphia Inquirer. An important book. Alvarez has given us a gift of rare generosity and courage. _The San Diego Union-Tribune. Wonderfulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ richà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ skillfully weaves fact and fiction, building to a gut-wrenching climax. Newsweek Doubly blessed with a poets vision and a realists eye, Alvarez gives us lessons about the courage and vitality of the female spirit, the webs and tangles that bind families, piety and activism, loyalty and fear, faith and love. _The Miami Herald  ¡Yo! About the writer and her lies, her truths, her passions the way she uses, needs, loves, and takes, all at the same timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She carries us along on waves of laughter and an undercurrent of pain. _Elle A novel of amazing richness and magnanimity, a sophisticated work of art that is also warmly accessible to the ordinary reader. San Francisco Chronicle. From the internationally acclaimed author of the bestselling novels in the Time of the Butterflies, and. The twenty-four personal essays that make up Something to Declare are like snapshots rendered in prose, capturing the life and mind of an artist as she meditates on the dual themes of coming to America and becoming a writer. Part One, Customs. Is a loving tribute to family and an examination of the specific effects of exile fleeing dictatorship in the Dominican Republic, the shock of arriving in New York City, training a Spanish tongue to speak English, and watching the Miss America pageant for clues to translate ones looks into made-in-the-U.S.A. beauty. Part Two, Declarations, celebrates Alvarezs enduring passion for words and the writing life. From First Muse, a valentine to Scheherazade, who proved the great power of storytelling, to So Much Depends, a reflection on the influence of fellow bicultural writers William Carlos Williams and Maxine Hong Kingston, to Ten of My Writing Commandments, an inspiring list for any aspiring writer, these essays are filled with humor and insight _a generous gift to readers and writer everywhere. A pleasure to readà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Alvarez speaks directly to her readers in these essays offering insight into the inspiration and craft that informs her workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a thoughtful self-analysis and a delightful primer on becoming a writer. _Denver Post. Julia Alvarez is a breathtaking writer. _St. Petersburg Times From the internationally acclaimed author of the bestselling novels in the Time of the Butterflies, and. The twenty-four personal essays that make up Something to Declare are like snapshots rendered in prose, capturing the life and mind of an artist as she meditates on the dual themes of coming to America and becoming a writer. 1.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND From 1930 to 1961 in the Dominican Republic lived an intense situation at all levels, especially literary level, since most of the poets, storytellers, artists, had to go into exile in order not to have the opinion Trujillista. Others stayed but did not develop their creative, and if they did it was in favor of President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, no strange the spiritual manifestation that there was no space, and so exist in many Latin American countries. Dominican literature is marked by the influence of European literature in particular of French literature, but has its own identity and a force that politicians love to men Contemporary literature mostly originates in the Dominican diaspora in New York, the works focus on the difficulties of daily life in the Dominican Republic, among contemporary writers is Julia Alvarez. In the beginning of the eighteenth and nineteenth century American literature took most of it inspiration from Europe. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the American novelist extended to the social significance of his works of fiction to cover both the lives of wealthy people as those of marginalized groups. Political events between 1961 and 1965 served to youth so freely express whatever the Trujillo tyranny that had prevented them. Poetry was one of the main resources used by these young people to act out their political and social concerns; as well as, to combat corruption that broke into nearly every corner of the Dominican society. The Dominican Republic experienced a very difficult political situation between 1961 and 1978, during this period several historical events occurred that abruptly changed political and social thought and the course of literary and cultural activities in the country, among them are: The physical death of Trujillo, which in no way means the disappearance of the shadow of the tyrant, the rise of Juan Bosch to power in February 1963, and the unexpected military coup that ousted seven months later, the war in April 1965, which left the second disastrous U.S. military occupation in the Dominican Republic, the election of Joaquin Balaguer as president, who was intolerable to those who continued to fight for libertarian principles peaked by the makers of the revolution in April 1965. Some of the events occurred in United States in the 1960s, The popular literary genres, such as Oriental literature and mystery novels have had a great development in the United States, for its part, particularly in recent years is considered the Spanish literature in the United States as an expression of the growing cultural phenomenon the Hispanic population and the Spanish language in this country. United State Economy and Politics (1960) After World War II, the GNP increased from 200.000 million in 1940, 300.000 million in 1950 to more than 500.000 million in 1960. More and more Americans joined the middle class. There were many sources of growth. The automotriz industry, it became exclusively a creator of tanks and bombers, and the new industry of aviation and electronics grew. In addition to this expansion, the workforce also changed. Unions won contracts for employees working long quickly focused its price. Six of the eleven presidential elections since World War II have resulted in a change of political party in the White House. Three times, the Democrats were replaced for Republicans (1952, 1968 and 1980) and three others, the Democrats moved to the Republicans (1960, 1976 and 1992). During each of these campaigns, the winning candidate had promised a foreign policy completely different from what was the sitting president of another party. However, once invested with his office, followed the lines of his predecessors relations with other countries. Bipartisanship in foreign policy is deeply rooted in American political culture. The created climate change; and his endorsement of advancing free trade in the Americas. 2.1 CHARACTERS Julia Alvarez she is a fighter woman, who defies the traditional customs in which she was brought up, all to achieve her goal of becoming a famous writer. Alvarez is a wonderful woman, very intellectual, with a vision of progress. She wisely, faces obstacles, and does not see it as such, but, as life experiences, which they did not prevent her achieving her dream of becoming an artist of Literature. Daddy: Julias father, though a little introverted, is a man who is proud of his family. This character is attached to what are the traditional customs of the time, in which only men were enjoyed certain privileges. He was a man who liked economize, and sometimes did not say things directly, he liked speaking in parables. Mommy:Alvarezs mother is a woman who the contrary of her father tries to adopt and introduce their daughters to what is American culture, which is very different from the Dominican one, the latter being where are their true origins. An example of this is when being at home even longer, Julia speaking mixing the two languages (English and Spanish), what we commonly call Spanglish, her mother repeated the idea, but only in English, as a clever way to correct her. Julia ´s grandfatherThe grandfather was a fine and elegant man, very good manners, whom Julia received wise counsel. He was a United Nations diplomat. Due to his trips to countries like Spain and others, assimilated morality, which were taught to her grandchildren. He had a good sense of humor, and like Julia, is passionate with music and poetry, but put aside her passion for art, giving priority to what was taking care of his family, as cited: Very familial, Said everyone of my grandfather, a family man. Bill: Julia Alvarezs husband, a doctor and farmer from Nebraska. Aunt Tità ­: She was a simple woman; showing little regard for their physical attributes, but loving reading. Sister Maria Generosa: English teacher. This intelligent woman had a particular form to teach, which she attracted attention of her students. Misià ¡: was a Haitian maid of Alvarez ´s home, whom liked much the voodoo sections. Don Josà © de Jesà ºs: Julias uncle. a man who was rowdy with women, he had sired twenty-five children, was widowed once, kept a couple of mistresses who raised the figure to thirty-plus children. Utcho: a cousin of de writer, whom she called uncle, because he was so much older than he was. Dilita: who was a hybrid. She looked just like the other Dominican girls, with a teased hairdo, wore makeup, outfits and was a rebel girl. Manuel Gustavo (Mangu): Julia à lvarez firstboyfriend. He was a honey-young man with wonderful dimples and pot belly. Father Doby: a church lawyer and a member of La Crosse diocese. Father James: member of the shrine. Donna: Mary Anns youngest daughter 2.2 SUMMARY a) Grandfathers Blessing: Grandfathers Blessing is the first story that begins this interesting book of essays, in which Julia Alvarez talks about her family life and the messages she received at that time in relation to her womans condition. Although the author speaks of her experiences about her family and entertaining conversations with her grandfather, the author makes a small approach to the situation that existed in the country at that time, the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. The oppression was so great that people were persuaded and forced to leave their belongings, if so desired the chief, as she says: One evening the SIM, the military intelligence service, meat for my grandfather and put him in jail for two days. He was not torture, but persuaded to sell a part of historical land price for the minimum to the daughter of the dictator. Here J. Alvarez mentioned her aunt Titi, which was simple, showing little regard for her their physical attributes, but loving reading. She also mentions her widowed aunt, who has three very young children, although a bit mischievous, own of their age, each had an ideal about what they wanted to be in the future. Grandfathers Blessing is just the story that the author makes does about the great support she has always received with respect to their desire to be a writer by her grandfather, even where his career was still just a dream. b) Our Papers This essay takes place in the old house in Boca Chica, where stayed the whole family on vacation, but then, in 1960, and being at home in the capital, Alvarez say of the ability that took his father to take as a pretext studying heart surgery, in order to get a visa for his family (his wife and four daughters), and so escape the oppressive government of that time; as well as, the intelligence of her godmother to achieve persuading the chief, all to get their papers to travel outside the country. In addition, the author talks about the fear she felt to come to America and face a new culture, where the main change was the need to speak a language they did not dominated, English. Neither had she they liked to get away from her aunts and cousins. She tells that since being established in New York, she missed her life in her country of origin. J. Alvarez reflected whether in fact these papers meant freedom in a foreign country, or indeed, the privation of what they truly enjoyed, which made them happy in the Dominican Republic, as quoted: I wonder if those papers free us from September had everything we loved. c) My English J. Alvarez mentions Carol Morgan School as the first step to master English language, refers to the motivation that always received by her mother, who was the driving force for her and her sisters learn this important language, which the author talks how difficult it was for her master. She was so used to Spanish, so they went through the ridicule of their classmates. She makes mention of his uncle Gus, the youngest of the brothers of her mother, who was very intellectual. This essay refers to the shock that she was to arrive in New York, and how difficult it was, since she spoke Spanish and English, and she saw it as a very difficult language. She says she began to feel love for English, thanks to Sister Maria Generosa. This teacher attracted the interest of whiter in that language with her entertaining way to teach, which was puting to writing in a relaxing form, putting her your imagination, writing the topic of their preference, and not insisting on what she was boring: Grammar Rules, The teacher used to explain that students end with a great understanding of the language d) My Second Opera Alvarez in this essay, refers to her life already living in New York, and taking even ten years. Here the reader realizes the little motivation she felt at the beginning to attend the opera, which was an event that bored her enough, contrary to the voodoo ceremonies she so enjoyed of her Caribbean country, which she met by her maid Haitian Misià ¡. Alvarez agreed with her grandmother to go instead of her to accompany her grandfather to go to see Aida, the show, because she did not like to participate in these events, which were part of the social life of a diplomat like her grandfather. In this story, Julia also explains how she missed her culture in the Dominican Republic, and how difficult it was to assimilate her new life in America, even sharing these classic events. Then, with Aida, she began to feel attracted to the opera, : I Became an opera fan and also a wily intrigued,, the latter referring to how smart she had become, as learned to use this activity to get everything she wanted, with respect to her grandmother. Here, the author lets see again how she was attached to their Dominican roots, and still felt little adaptation in their new country. e) I Want to Be Miss America This story takes place in Queens, New York. J. Alvarez refers the interest of her and her sisters to enter in all what concerns with the culture of their new country of adoption and Miss America was a contest that called them enough attention since so they could see in each one of the contestants on American look, which they wanted to look, but really seeing the competition, they observed that although there were girls with looks simple, something that made them begin to feel comfortable and not as strangers were also others in which her beauty was so perfect that made her think that this beauty was not as natural, but rather girls were made. She did not think women were only created to be good mothers and wives but also capable of being successful professional, useful to society, something that could be said it was opposed to their native culture. But despite this enthusiasm, this successful writer always knew she could not be Miss America, not only for their physical appearance, which was very different from those girls, but also because she had to feel it. On the other hand, while they wanted to be as native, her classmates wanted to look like them, so this made them feel accepted in that country. Although she continues feeling foreign, she consider the United States as her homeland. f) I Want To Be Miss America The essays deals mainly with the change of identity in which they were involved, both the writer and his sisters, trying to be different, because they were in a country different from them, which ought to fit.* We Would Have to translate our looks Into Ingles, iron and tweeze them out; straighten Them, Them into mold Made-in-the-USA beauty (This referring to their hair.) Also refers to the beauty, showing in the contests, that most of the time is just edible. Their voices rang with false cheer. You could hear, not far off, years of high-school cheerleading, pom-poms, bleachers full of moon-eyed boys, and moms on phones, signing them up for all manner of lessons and making appointments dentist. It talks about the help of his parents, which had provided the needed, making mention of a family, although they are in foreign land, stuck together, which helped them cope with less trauma. g) El Doctor The main theme of this essay is the need to save, no matter even if they had enough to spend. But my rich father lived in the dark. Saving string, going the long way. Her dad turned off the lights all the time, though she was reading and it was dark. She mentioned the lifestyle of her father and refers to a possible infidelity, besides the good behavior of the mother; family union is noticed even in the difficulties that might exist. h) La Gringuita On Losing a Native Language Here, the author refers to the cultural changes that were involved, especially. Also, she recounts the difficulties of not accepting a new culture, what would prevent the adaptation to the new home. It refers to the first loving relationship of the author, who was in the land of origin, on a visit they made. In addition, it talks about her husband, who is American, born in a Nebraska farm and is also a doctor, like her father. It refers to the first loving relationship of the author, who was in the land of origin, on a visit they made. In addition, it talks about her husband, who is American, born in a Nebraska farm and is also a doctor, like her father. i) Picky Eater This essay talks about the eating habits of the writer and her husband, calling herself a picky eater. It refers to the needs of maintaining a healthy diet to keep a good fit and also save time for using it on more important things, specifically to writing. Also, it refers to the difficulties that existed in her native country to eat food prepared in the streets, which could make them sick; due to low hygiene they were prepared. The author speaks of some bad experience at mothers home, related to one food that she did not like and she was forced to eat: engrudo. This essay reveals the change in the lifestyle of both countries, mainly related to food, due to the difference in culture. Even as partners they had different food habits, they learned to understand each other, and they shared the table as well as the food preparation, always helping each other. That activity gave them a complete well being at home. j) Briefly, a Gardener The author shows the importance of helping each other between her and her husband tasks, regardless of whether they are different. Ive tried to share his passion with him, just as he has tried to share mine. Many a weekend morning, Ive had before a new manuscript sat with strict instructions to be critical,. This produces a positive effect on couples, resulting to a lasting marriage and an organized family. k) Imagining Motherhood The author, like all women, displayed the anxiety of not having children, almost being a 40 year-old woman. She justified herself in the profession as a writer, so she had no time to be a mother. Also, it refers to the difficulty to find a good father to her baby. She felt depressed when she saw someone in her family with children, or when someone made reference to the subject. A woman who does not care have a child is considered foolish at best. At worst, as I heard one lecturer proclaim, she is committing genetic suicide. The essay refers to the idea of adoption, but then she withdraws it, remaining childless. l) A Genetic of justice Julia Alvarez narrates the suffering of her family when she was 10 years. She says that her family lived under a big pressure due to the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina. She also tells about her mothers life and the way that she kept her children far away from the eye of the dictator because of his appetite for pretty and young girls. . When her mother married her father she knew all regarding the dictatorship, many lost their lives in unsuccessful attempts to return the country to democracy in that time. Her father was very lucky when he was young; he escaped to Canada where he live for a while, running away to save his life. A few months later, he came back to the country and after a time, her mother wondered why he had returned, if they knew that things were very bad in this country, but, the pressure of his friends in the north led him to come back to the land where Trujillo claimed to be the release of the regime. Her parents behaved as best they could because they had four daughters and could not take any risk with them. As a result, since he was a young doctor, when he saw that things got tough, he asked permission to go to make a specialty to another country. . Yet she thanked her parents for having installed in her through their suffering, a desire for freedom and justice. m) Family Matters She writes that since she became a public writer, her family tried to figure out where she got that talent, they determined that she probably acquired the genes from her father and uncles. One of her uncles was a poet, but she says her genes as a writer, in fact, come directly from her father. But when they migrated to the United States, her father had to get started again to practice medicine, her father abandoned the ambition of wanting to write books because he still